2015
DOI: 10.1680/gein.14.00037
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Hydraulic conductivity of a dense prehydrated geosynthetic clay liner

Abstract: Dense prehydrated geosynthetic clay liners (DPH-GCLs) are a particular type of GCL which, unlike conventional GCLs manufactured with dry bentonite, contain bentonite prehydrated during manufacturing. DPH-GCLs are produced by a patented process that includes bentonite prehydration with a polymer solution and vacuum extrusion. This paper describes the results of permeability tests that were carried out using flexible-wall permeameters to investigate the hydraulic conductivity of a DPH GCL to water, natural seawa… Show more

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Cited by 38 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…In cases where significant increases in k are deemed likely, consideration has been given to the potential use of chemically modified bentonites in GCLs for the primary purpose of mitigating any such incompatibility in order to maintain a low k (e.g., Onikata et al, 1999;Katsumi et al, 2008;Di Emidio, 2010;Mazzieri et al, 2010;Scalia et al, 2011Scalia et al, , 2014Bohnhoff, 2012;Scalia, 2012;Bohnhoff and Shackelford, 2014;Di Emidio et al, 2015;Mazzieri and Di Emidio, 2015). However, even when GCLs are able to maintain a low k upon exposure to chemical solutions, diffusion is likely to be a significant, if not dominant, mechanism of chemical transport through the GCLs due to the low k and the relative thinness of GCLs (typically 15 mm) (e.g., Shackelford, 2013a, b).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In cases where significant increases in k are deemed likely, consideration has been given to the potential use of chemically modified bentonites in GCLs for the primary purpose of mitigating any such incompatibility in order to maintain a low k (e.g., Onikata et al, 1999;Katsumi et al, 2008;Di Emidio, 2010;Mazzieri et al, 2010;Scalia et al, 2011Scalia et al, , 2014Bohnhoff, 2012;Scalia, 2012;Bohnhoff and Shackelford, 2014;Di Emidio et al, 2015;Mazzieri and Di Emidio, 2015). However, even when GCLs are able to maintain a low k upon exposure to chemical solutions, diffusion is likely to be a significant, if not dominant, mechanism of chemical transport through the GCLs due to the low k and the relative thinness of GCLs (typically 15 mm) (e.g., Shackelford, 2013a, b).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several studies have proposed new alternatives (Kondo, 1996;Katsumi et al, 2007Katsumi et al, , 2008Mazzieri et al, 2009;Di Emidio, 2010;Di Emidio et al, 2012;Malusis and McKeehan, 2013;Scalia et al, 2013;Malusis and Di Emidio, 2014;Di Emidio et al, 2015;Mazzieri and Di Emidio, 2015;Razakamanantsoa et al, 2016). Kondo (1996) developed Multiswellable Bentonite (MSB), which is a bentonite compounded with Propylene Carbonate (PC).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The combination of the smaller manufactured thickness and the higher bentonite mass per unit area (i.e.,~5 kg/m 2 for the DPH GCL versus~4 kg/m 2 for the conventional GCL) yields higher bentonite dry densities for DPH GCLs (~1.1 Mg/m 3 ) relative to conventional GCLs (~0.4 Mg/m 3 ). As a result, DPH GCLs have been shown to exhibit extremely low hydraulic conductivities, k, to water (1 Â 10 À12 to 4 Â 10 À12 m/s; e.g., see Kolstad et al, 2004;Di Emidio, 2010;Mazzieri and Di Emidio, 2015), approximately an order of magnitude lower than for conventional GCLs. Also, studies by Kolstad et al (2004) and Katsumi et al (2008) indicate that DPH GCLs exhibit little or no degradation in k when permeated with highly concentrated salt solutions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%