Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional gas reservoirs: risks in the geological system, part 2

Kissinger, Alexander; Helmig, Rainer; Ebigbo, Anozie; Class, Holger; Lange, Torsten; Sauter, Martin; Heitfeld, Michael; Klünker, Johannes; Jahnke, Wiebke

doi:10.1007/s12665-013-2578-6

Cited by 124 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Fluid injections, an integral part of a wide range of applications, including wastewater disposal, CO 2 storage, and enhanced oil/gas recovery, will cause formation pressures to increase, and this increase will propagate horizontally. If the horizontally propagated pressure increase is sufficiently large, upward water migration and groundwater contamination can occur through permeable vertical pathways, such as abandoned wells (33) or geologic faults (34). Upward migration of resident brine or fracturing fluids requires pressure gradients that can overcome gravity forces and is controlled by subsurface conditions and various fluid and porous media properties (34)(35)(36)(37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the horizontally propagated pressure increase is sufficiently large, upward water migration and groundwater contamination can occur through permeable vertical pathways, such as abandoned wells (33) or geologic faults (34). Upward migration of resident brine or fracturing fluids requires pressure gradients that can overcome gravity forces and is controlled by subsurface conditions and various fluid and porous media properties (34)(35)(36)(37). Salinity has been identified as a key variable controlling brine/saline water densities (38).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Salinity of deep groundwater in California: Water quantity, quality, and protection

Kang

Jackson

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Deep groundwater aquifers are poorly characterized but could yield important sources of water in California and elsewhere. Deep aquifers have been developed for oil and gas extraction, and this activity has created both valuable data and risks to groundwater quality. Assessing groundwater quantity and quality requires baseline data and a monitoring framework for evaluating impacts. We analyze 938 chemical, geological, and depth data points from 360 oil/gas fields across eight counties in California and depth data from 34,392 oil and gas wells. By expanding previous groundwater volume estimates from depths of 305 m to 3,000 m in California’s Central Valley, an important agricultural region with growing groundwater demands, fresh [<3,000 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS)] groundwater volume is almost tripled to 2,700 km3, most of it found shallower than 1,000 m. The 3,000-m depth zone also provides 3,900 km3 of fresh and saline water, not previously estimated, that can be categorized as underground sources of drinking water (USDWs; <10,000 ppm TDS). Up to 19% and 35% of oil/gas activities have occurred directly in freshwater zones and USDWs, respectively, in the eight counties. Deeper activities, such as wastewater injection, may also pose a potential threat to groundwater, especially USDWs. Our findings indicate that California’s Central Valley alone has close to three times the volume of fresh groundwater and four times the volume of USDWs than previous estimates suggest. Therefore, efforts to monitor and protect deeper, saline groundwater resources are needed in California and beyond.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Salinity of deep groundwater in California: Water quantity, quality, and protection

Kang

Jackson

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Lange et al (2013) and Kissinger et al (2013) address the issue of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional gas reservoirs in two parts with special focus on the risks in the geological system. The next paper by Gordalla et al (2013) is addressing the question whether hydraulic fracturing is a toxicological threat for groundwater, whereas Olsson et al (2013) present a view on the Environ Earth Sci (2013) 70:3427-3431 3429 composition, treatment and concerns related to hydraulic fracturing wastewater.…”

Section: Unconventional Reservoirs and Hydraulic Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoenergy: new concepts for utilization of geo-reservoirs as potential energy sources

et al. 2013

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“…The potential effects on the quality and quantity of groundwater are discussed by Macuda (2010); Macuda and Marchel (2011); Gregory et al (2011);Osborn et al (2011); Gordalla et al (2013); Jackson et al (2013); Lange et al (2013); Kissinger et al (2013); Vidic et al (2013); WoŸnicka (2013); Uliasz-Misiak et al (2014); Vengosh et al (2014). Another problem is the amount of water needed for hydraulic fracturing at each of the wells, totaling 7,000-18,000 m 3 , depending on the geological conditions (Gregory et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of disposable groundwater resources for hydraulic fracturing of gas shales in the Lublin Basin (eastern Poland)

Duda¹

2014

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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Streszczenie W pracy dokonano prognozy zasobów wód podziemnych do wykorzystania w celu szczelinowania łupków gazonośnych w obszarze Basenu Lubelskiego w 2030 r. Jest to przydatne właścicielom koncesji na eksploatację gazu do planowania wielkości i harmonogramu wydobycia. W celu określe- nia dyspozycyjnych zasobów wód opracowano model bilansu wodno-gospodarczego, do którego jako podstawowe dane wejściowe wykorzystano dane z bilansu i prognozy zasobów wód podziemnych dla 2030 r. w dorzeczu Wisły. W modelu uwzględniono specyficzne czynniki determinujące wielkość zasobów wody na obszarach perspektywicznej eksploatacji gazu: zmniejszenie zasilania wód pod- ziemnych w wyniku zmian klimatu, nierejestrowany pobór wody w gospodarstwach indywidualnych, zapotrzebowanie na wodę związane z rozwojem górnictwa gazu łupkowego i stopnień zwrotu do obiegu hydrologicznego wody, wykorzystanej do szczelinowania. W celu uwzględnienia niepewności stopnia oddziaływania tych czynników w 2030 r., model wykonano dla dwóch scenariuszy: umiar- kowanie rygorystycznego ekologicznie i rygorystycznego ekologicznie, zakładającego duże skutki zmian klimatu i radykalne zwiększenie zapotrzebowania na wodę. Zasoby dyspozycyjne wód okreś- lono dla wydzielonych 12 stref bilansowych, zgodnych obszarowo z Jednolitymi Częściami Wód Podziemnych lub ich fragmentami znajdującymi się w obszarze badań. Prognoza dotyczy zasobów wód podziemnych bez stratygraficznego rozdziału na poziomy wodonośne. Zasoby wyniosą dla scenariusza I od 1 072 735 do 79 458 310 m3/rok w zależności od strefy. Dla scenariusza II odpo- wiednio od 733 285 do 49 103 085 m3/rok. Dla właścicieli koncesji na eksploatację gazu istotne są względne wartości zasobów wyrażone na jednostkę powierzchni, które wyniosą dla scenariusza I od 10 132 do 32 300 m3/(rok-km2) w zależności od strefy i dla scenariusza II od 5 212 do 24 200 m3/(rok-km2). Model bilansowy pozwala stwierdzić, że prognozowane na 2030 r. zasoby dyspozycyjne wód podziemnych w strefach bilansowych Basenu Lubelskiego są duże, więc rozwój górnictwa gazu łupkowego nie powinien wpłynąć negatywnie na stan ilościowy wód w tym obszarze.

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Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional gas reservoirs: risks in the geological system, part 2

Cited by 124 publications

References 15 publications

Salinity of deep groundwater in California: Water quantity, quality, and protection

Salinity of deep groundwater in California: Water quantity, quality, and protection

Geoenergy: new concepts for utilization of geo-reservoirs as potential energy sources

Assessment of disposable groundwater resources for hydraulic fracturing of gas shales in the Lublin Basin (eastern Poland)

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