Hydraulic properties of sphagnum peat moss and tuff (scoria) and their potential effects on water availability

Silva, F. F. da; Wallach, Rony; Chen, Y.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2496-8_88

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Estas observaciones sugieren que en subirrigación el diámetro del contenedor afecta el movimiento capilar del agua, y que entre mayor sea el diámetro del contendor el movimiento del agua a estratos superiores es más lento. La forma y tamaño del contenedor determina la distribución tridimensional del sustrato, lo que puede influir considerablemente en el rendimiento de la planta ya que las dimensiones definen la porosidad llena de aire y la capacidad de retención de agua por parte del mismo, y esto dependerá en gran medida de sus propiedades físicas (Da Silva et al, 1993;Gizas y Savvas, 2007). damage the roots by waterlogging, noting that ideally 10 to 15 minutes and that flood depth only has to be 2 to 2.5 cm or, flood about 20% to 25% of the height of the container.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…These observations suggest that in subirrigation the diameter of the container affects the capillary movement of water, and as the diameter of the container increases water movement to upper strata is slower. The shape and size of the container determines the three-dimensional distribution of the substrate, which may considerably influence plant yield as the dimensions define air-filled porosity and water retention capacity by the same and this will depend largely on its physical properties (Da Silva et al, 1993;Gizas and Savvas, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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La subirrigación como sistema de producción de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) en cultivo sin suelo

García-Santiago

Valdéz-Aguilar

Robledo-Torres

et al. 2018

Remexca

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(jhoana_gs@yahoo.com.mx; luisalonso.valdez@uaaan.mx; vrobtor@uaaan.mx; rosalindamendoza@hotmail.com; hernandez865@hotmail.com).§ Autor para correspondencia: luisalonso.valdez@uaaan.mx.* Recibido: mayo de 2015 Aceptado: septiembre de 2015 ResumenLa producción en sistemas cerrados promueve mayor eficiencia en el uso de agua y fertilizantes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar algunos requerimientos del sistema de subirrigación para la producción de pimiento y su efecto en el crecimiento, rendimiento y algunas características químicas del sustrato. Se evaluaron dos láminas (10 y 15 cm) y tres tiempos (10, 20 y 30 min) de riego en dos tamaños de contenedor (13 y 25 L) con sustrato a base de una mezcla de turba ácida y perlita. El contenido de humedad del sustrato fue mayor con láminas de subirrigación de 10-15 cm durante 30 min, en ambos contenedores. Con lo anterior, se procedió a evaluar la respuesta del pimiento al sistema de subirrigación comparado contra riego superficial. Se obtuvo mayor rendimiento de fruto subirrigando con una lámina de 15 cm por 20 min, igualando el rendimiento de las plantas con riego superficial. El peso seco de plantas fue mayor con una lámina de 15 cm por 30 min. El pH fue más bajo en el estrato superior del sustrato con láminas de 10 y 15 cm durante 20 y 30 min, respectivamente. La CE fue mayor en el estrato superior con lámina de 15 cm por 30 min. El Ca 2+, NO 3 -y K + fue mayor en el estrato superior en riego superficial. Se concluye que la producción de pimiento en subirrigación es posible ya que se obtienen rendimientos similares a los obtenidos con riego superficial al implementar una lámina de 15 cm durante 20 min. AbstractProduction in a closed system promotes higher efficiency in the use of water and fertilizers. The aim of this study was to determine some of subirrigation system requirements for the production of pepper and its effect on growth, yield and some chemical characteristics of the substrate. Two irrigation lamina (10 and 15 cm) at three irrigation times (10, 20 and 30 min) in two container sizes (13 and 25 L) with a substrate mixture of peat and perlite were evaluated. Moisture content of the substrate was higher with subirrigation lamina of 10-15 cm for 30 min, in both containers. With this, it proceeded to evaluate the response of pepper to subirrigation system compared with surface irrigation. Greater fruit yield was obtained subirrigating with a lamina of 15 cm for 20 min leveling plant yield with surface irrigation. Plant dry weight was greater with a lamina of 15 cm for 30 min. The pH was lower in the upper layer with lamina if 10 and 15 cm for 20 and 30 min, respectively. EC was higher in the upper layer with lamina of 15 cm for 30 min. Ca 2+ , NO 3 -and K + was higher in the upper layer with surface irrigation. It is concluded that the production of pepper in subirrigation is possible as similar yields to those obtained with surface irrigation are obtained by applying a lamina of 15 cm for 20 min. Palabras clave: agricultura protegida, eficienc...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

La subirrigación como sistema de producción de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) en cultivo sin suelo

García-Santiago

Valdéz-Aguilar

Robledo-Torres

et al. 2018

Remexca

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“…The additional literature data for saturated hydraulic suction and the Clapp-Hornberger exponent shown in purple in Fig. 2 were derived from the following papers: Londra (2010), Rezanezhad et al (2012), Da Silva et al (1993), Weiss et al (1998), Päivänen (1973), Boelter (1964), Rydén et al (1980) and Schwärzel et al (2006).…”

Section: Coupling Between Properties and C Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to simulate peat accumulation, degradation and stability in a global land surface scheme (JULES vn5.8_accumulate_soil) for northern and temperate peatlands

et al. 2022

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Abstract. Peatlands have often been neglected in Earth system models (ESMs). Where they are included, they are usually represented via a separate, prescribed grid cell fraction that is given the physical characteristics of a peat (highly organic) soil. However, in reality soils vary on a spectrum between purely mineral soil (no organic material) and purely organic soil, typically with an organic layer of variable thickness overlying mineral soil below. They are also dynamic, with organic layer thickness and its properties changing over time. Neither the spectrum of soil types nor their dynamic nature can be captured by current ESMs. Here we present a new version of an ESM land surface scheme (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator, JULES) where soil organic matter accumulation – and thus peatland formation, degradation and stability – is integrated in the vertically resolved soil carbon scheme. We also introduce the capacity to track soil carbon age as a function of depth in JULES and compare this to measured peat age–depth profiles. The new scheme is tested and evaluated at northern and temperate sites. This scheme simulates dynamic feedbacks between the soil organic material and its thermal and hydraulic characteristics. We show that draining the peatlands can lead to significant carbon loss, soil compaction and changes in peat properties. However, negative feedbacks can lead to the potential for peatlands to rewet themselves following drainage. These ecohydrological feedbacks can also lead to peatlands maintaining themselves in climates where peat formation would not otherwise initiate in the model, i.e. displaying some degree of resilience. The new model produces similar results to the original model for mineral soils and realistic profiles of soil organic carbon for peatlands. We evaluate the model against typical peat profiles based on 216 northern and temperate sites from a global dataset of peat cores. The root-mean-squared error (RMSE) in the soil carbon profile is reduced by 35 %–80 % in the best-performing JULES-Peat simulations compared with the standard JULES configuration. The RMSE in these JULES-Peat simulations is 7.7–16.7 kg C m−3 depending on climate zone, which is considerably smaller than the soil carbon itself (around 30–60 kg C m−3). The RMSE at mineral soil sites is also reduced in JULES-Peat compared with the original JULES configuration (reduced by ∼ 30 %–50 %). Thus, JULES-Peat can be used as a complete scheme that simulates both organic and mineral soils. It does not require any additional input data and introduces minimal additional variables to the model. This provides a new approach for improving the simulation of organic and peatland soils and associated carbon-cycle feedbacks in ESMs.

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“…These soils are not only a critical source of carbon dioxide (Joosten & Osterburg, 2022; Lohila et al, 2003; Salm et al, 2012) but they are also particularly vulnerable to drought due to their high topsoil carbon content. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is generally low in decomposed peat (Zeitz, 2001), and it decreases strongly with soil desiccation (da Silva et al, 1993), which reduces root water uptake and may predispose grassland plants to drought stress. In addition, even short dry spells often disrupt the capillary rise of groundwater in partly decomposed peat, causing soil desiccation despite high groundwater levels (Renger et al, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microtopography causes small‐scale variation in harvest and forage quality of high‐yielding silage grassland in northern Germany

Mroncz,

Isselstein,

Komainda

et al. 2024

Grassland Research

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BackgroundLocal sward dieback, especially in grasslands on peat soil, in response to the extreme 2018/2019 drought demonstrates climate vulnerability of intensive grasslands in northern Central Europe.MethodsWe explore the influence of microtopography, that is, the within‐field mosaic of depressions and elevated patches, on soil volumetric moisture content, standing biomass and biomass crude protein (CP) and fibre content in intensively managed grassland on peat soil in a moist year (2021) and a dry year (2022) for quantifying small‐scale spatial heterogeneity within a field.ResultsWe found high within‐field variation in soil moisture, biomass and forage quality and a moisture dependence of productivity that was stronger in the dry year. CP ranged from 10% to 25% within a field, being lower in moist depressions than elevated patches in the wet (but not in the dry) summer.ConclusionsThe moister depressions help to limit the overall productivity decline in dry summers, whereas, in moist summers, the higher dry patches produce more protein‐rich forage than the depressions, where productivity is higher but quality is lower. We recommend adapting grassland management to this heterogeneity through spatially differentiated management regimes in order to better cope with an increasingly drier and more variable climate.

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Hydraulic properties of sphagnum peat moss and tuff (scoria) and their potential effects on water availability

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

La subirrigación como sistema de producción de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) en cultivo sin suelo

La subirrigación como sistema de producción de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) en cultivo sin suelo

A new approach to simulate peat accumulation, degradation and stability in a global land surface scheme (JULES vn5.8_accumulate_soil) for northern and temperate peatlands

Microtopography causes small‐scale variation in harvest and forage quality of high‐yielding silage grassland in northern Germany

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