Hydraulic resistance and specific surface of irregular nozzles

Active surface of the elements of irregular heat and mass transfer packings

“…The relationship between the loss of head and the specific surface area of pack ings of different shapes is considered in [10][11][12][13][14]. It was The above considered mechanisms of the forma tion of an active surface suggest that its magnitude depends on many factors, including the shape and size of packing elements, and that the tendencies are dif ferent.…”

Active surface of elements of irregular heat and mass transfer packing

“…Its scale is determined at equal w and q as in case of S ap by the form and the size of the packing. But the contribution of S a.ex in total active surface, S a S a = S ap + S a.ex , (3) in fi lm regime is signifi cantly lower than the contribution S ap + S a.ex . Inserting in (3) the values S a and S m and from (1) and (2) we fi nally obtain: S а = S sp -(∆S c + ∆S scr + ∆S о + ∆S stagn )+ ∆S ap + S a.ex , (4) Thus, the active surface of packing is determined by the value of the specifi c surface, taking into account factors of contact of phases increasing and decreasing the surface, which depend as S sp itself on the form and size of elements of packing.…”

“…The real surface of contacts, specifi c active surface, S a , can at different conditions (different size and form of packing, different loads by gas and liquid) to various extent differ from the geometric surface of packing S, m 2 . S= S sp V, where S sp is the specifi c surface of the packing, [m 2 m -3 or m -1 ], V is the volume of the packing loaded into the apparatus, m 3 .…”

“…Results of comparison of the effi ciency of packing GIAP-NZ of different size and at different loads are presented. At comparing the design of packing the concept of the coeffi cient of the utilization effi ciency of the packing volume is used.The most important characteristics of any industrial apparatus is the heat and mass transfer surface, which it can provide [1][2][3][4]. For apparatuses, where there is no direct contact of phases, for example, heat exchanger, the heat exchange surface is strictly determined by the design and overall dimensions of the apparatus: It is the wall separating, exchanging the heat fl ows.…”

“…The most important characteristics of any industrial apparatus is the heat and mass transfer surface, which it can provide [1][2][3][4]. For apparatuses, where there is no direct contact of phases, for example, heat exchanger, the heat exchange surface is strictly determined by the design and overall dimensions of the apparatus: It is the wall separating, exchanging the heat fl ows.…”