Hydraulic Transient Guidelines for Protecting Water Distribution Systems

Boulos, Paul F.; Karney, Bryan W.; Wood, Don J.; Lingireddy, Srinivasa

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.2005.tb10892.x

Cited by 142 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In each case, the user specification of boundary condition type allows the solver to update the ghost cell values. For example, in the network shown in Figure 2.1(b), a time series of Q or A would be specified at each "inflow" node (cases (2) and (3)). At the labeled "outflow" nodes, the user may choose between several possible descriptions of how a valve allows water to exit the end of a pipe.…”

Section: Model the Preissman Slot Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the causes of pipe damage are complex and myriad, pressure transients play a role [11,2]. Internal pressure contributes to axial, longitudinal and hoop stress in pipes [26], and pressure transients may help cause both pipe bursts (associated with high-pressure events) and collapses (associated low-pressure events) [39].…”

Section: Reduction Of Variation In Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing Intermittent Water Supply in Urban Pipe Distribution Networks

Lieb¹,

Rycroft²,

Wilkening³

2016

SIAM J. Appl. Math.

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Abstract. In many urban areas of the developing world, piped water is supplied only intermittently, as valves direct water to different parts of the water distribution system at different times. The flow is transient, and may transition between free-surface and pressurized, resulting in complex dynamical features with important consequences for water suppliers and users. Here, we develop a computational model of transition, transient pipe flow in a network, accounting for a wide variety of realistic boundary conditions. We validate the model against several published data sets, and demonstrate its use on a real pipe network. The model is extended to consider several optimization problems motivated by realistic scenarios. We demonstrate how to infer water flow in a small pipe network from a single pressure sensor, and show how to control water inflow to minimize damaging pressure transients.1. Introduction. From the dry taps of Mumbai to the dusty reservoirs of São Paolo, urban water scarcity is a common condition of the present, and a likely feature of the future. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are connected to water distribution systems subject to intermittency. This intermittent water supply may take many forms, from unexpected disruptions to planned supply cycles where pipes are filled and emptied regularly to shift water between different parts of the network at different times [17,33]. In Mumbai, for example, Vaivaramoorthy [33] reports that on average, residents have water flowing from their taps less than 8 out of 24 hours. Intermittent supply is often inequitable, with low-income neighborhoods experiencing lower water pressure and shorter supply durations than high-income ones [31]. Intermittent supply not only limits water availability, but also compromises water quality and damages infrastructure. With field data from urban India, Kumpel and Nelson [18] quantified the deleterious effect of intermittency on water quality, showing that both the initial flushing of water through empty pipes-as well as periods of low pressure-corresponded with periods of increased turbidity and bacterial contamination. Christodoulou [7] observed when that a drought in Cypress ushered in two years of intermittent supply, pipe ruptures increased by 30%-70% per year.Whereas intermittent water supply creates challenges for water managers and water users, the phenomenon creates opportunities for applied mathematics. It is an interesting and difficult mathematical problem to efficiently model transient pipe flow in networks-including transitions to and from pressurized states-with uncertain or complex boundary conditions. In this work we introduce a framework to not only describe intermittent water supply, but also use optimization to improve either our description of the system, or the operation of the described system in order to reduce risks such as infrastructure damage.Intermittent supply falls in somewhat of a modeling gap. Water distribution software abounds, including the free and open source software EPANET ...

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Section: Model the Preissman Slot Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reduction Of Variation In Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Intermittent Water Supply in Urban Pipe Distribution Networks

Lieb¹,

Rycroft²,

Wilkening³

2016

SIAM J. Appl. Math.

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“…Más tarde vinieron los aportes de diversos autores en el contexto del MC y/o del Método de la Onda Característica MOC (antes llamada Método de la Onda Plana MOP), donde se mostraban los resultados obtenidos en distintos SDAs, como en Watters (1984); Boulos et al (1990); Karney (1984); Karney y McInnis (1992); Simpson y Wu (1997); Boulos et al (2005); Wood et al (2005); Jung et al (2007Jung et al ( , 2009aJung et al ( , 2009b; Mansour−Rezaei et al (2013); etc. Sin embargo, es bien conocido que el MC posee restricciones numéricas que limitan su ámbito de aplicación, especialmente en lo referido al número de Courant (C n ), cuyo valor debe ser obligatoriamente igual a 1.0 para garantizar la estabilidad y precisión de los resultados.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Análisis del golpe de ariete en un sistema de distribución de agua

Twyman¹

2017

ing.agua

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“…Later on and due to the combined efforts of many researchers such as Parmakian, (1963( ), Zhang, (2003, Wood (2005), and their refinement to the governing equations of hydraulic transient in closed conduct had resulted in classical mass and momentum equations for one dimensional water hammer flows. Although these classical equations contain all physics necessary to model wave propagation in simple and complex pipe systems (Boulos, 2005), ever since these equations had been analyzed, discussed, re-derived and elucidated in many texts and journals attempting to improve them and getting more efficient results while solving them. Various methods were developed to analyze the hydraulic transient flow problem in pipes among of these the method of charactristic has been used in simulation the pipeline system such as in work of Guo, (2012) and Lee, (2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Friction Source in the Hydraulic Transient in a Pipeline Systemusing Method of Characteristics

Muhsen

Haleem

Munro³

2017

juod

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Numerical modelling is real need to analyze transients, since the system of equations representing the phenomena does not have an analytical solution because of the nonlinear term of friction losses. Consequently, the presents study applies the method of characteristics to determine the pressure change variation along a simple pipeline system resulted from hydraulic transient, along with using two different approaches in approximating of the friction term. The performance of numerical scheme is verified, considered against many scenarios and different parameters in the simple pipeline system. It was found that the two models gives slightly different results in terms of simulating the velocity and the pressure wave velocity in the undertaken scenario of pipe filled system. But follow the same scheme. Also it was approved that the first approach is linear while the second one is not. The effect of wave speed was proven to be a significant influence on the transient state. The study also shows that Flow velocity and pipe frictional coefficient also affects on pressure head proportionally. The computational time interval which gives stable results was proven to be chosen according to Courant stability condition. A MATLAB code has been written and then used in the simulation of test cases.

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Hydraulic Transient Guidelines for Protecting Water Distribution Systems

Cited by 142 publications

References 9 publications

Optimizing Intermittent Water Supply in Urban Pipe Distribution Networks

Optimizing Intermittent Water Supply in Urban Pipe Distribution Networks

Análisis del golpe de ariete en un sistema de distribución de agua

Effect of Friction Source in the Hydraulic Transient in a Pipeline Systemusing Method of Characteristics

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