Hydrazine fuel cells

Abstract

Hydrazine as an oxidant for fuel cells is important for niche applications, as it can be stored in simple lightweight containers. In addition, their energy density is high — the fuel cells can be optimized for long‐term operation without any service. Hydrazine can be converted to hydrogen and nitrogen in an external reactor or the hydrazine is added to the electrolyte of the fuel cell and converted at special hydrazine electrodes. The catalyst for these electrodes is a modified nickel catalyst. Alsthom has shown the high power density (2 kg kW −1 ) of this fuel cell type in submarines.

EDA–NOCV Calculation for Efficient N2 Binding to the Reduced Ni3S8 Complex: Estimation of Ni–N2 Intrinsic Interaction Energies

“…Furthermore, a huge amount of energy is stored in N 2 H 4 , which can be released by both chemical and electrochemical methods without any energy barrier. Hydrazine is utilized as rocket fuel due to its very high energy storage density [1.5368 × 10 10 J m –3 /4269 Wh L –1 (chemical/electrochemical)]. − Recently, an isolated U-shaped dianionic complex (LS 2 ) 4 Ni­(II) 3 2– (LS 2 2– = – S–(CH 2 ) 3 –S – ) (abbreviated as Ni 3 S 8 complex) has been shown to electrochemically produce hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ) in the presence of PhOH as a proton donor. There is no illustration or research on N 2 binding and its electrochemical reduction processes.…”

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrogen to Hydrazine Using a Trinuclear Nickel Complex

“…The energy storage density of N 2 H 4 is 1.5368 × 10 10 J m –3 /4269 Wh L –1 (chemical/electrochemical) . The high energy storage density makes N 2 H 4 the choice of fuel to propel rockets, and it is considered to be a viable alternative to H 2 . , Currently N 2 H 4 is synthesized by oxidation of NH 3 through several different chemical routes …”

“…17 The high energy storage density makes N 2 H 4 the choice of fuel to propel rockets, and it is considered to be a viable alternative to H 2 . 18,19 Currently N 2 H 4 is synthesized by oxidation of NH 3 through several different chemical routes. 20 Several elegant molecules have been reported to catalyze the reaction of dinitrogen to ammonia as the terminal product, with N 2 H 4 as a side product in some cases 21−34 A few reports of reduction of N 2 to N 2 H 4 in low yields appeared in the 1970s.…”

Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrogen to Hydrazine Using a Trinuclear Nickel Complex

“…17 The high energy storage density makes N2H4 the choice of fuel to propel rockets and is considered to be a viable alternative to H2. 18,19 Currently N2H4 is synthesized from oxidation of NH3 by several different chemical routes. 20 There are several elegant molecules reported to catalyze the reaction of dinitrogen to ammonia as the terminal product with N2H4 as a side product in some cases [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Recently Ashley's group reported a molecular Iron phosphine catalyst ( Figure 1) for selective catalytic chemical reduction of N2 to N2H4.…”