Hydrazone-modulated peptides for efficient gene transfection

Abstract

Background:The microbial community in anaerobic digestion is mainly monitored by means of DNA-based methods. This may lead to incorrect interpretation of the community parameters, because microbial abundance does not necessarily reflect activity. In this research, the difference between microbial community response on DNA (total community) and RNA (active community) based on the 16S rRNA (gene) with respect to salt concentration and response time was evaluated.Results: The application of higher NaCl concentrations resulted in a decrease in methane production. A stronger and faster response to salt concentration was observed on RNA level. This was reflected in terms of microbial community composition and organization, as richness, evenness, and overall diversity were differentially impacted. A higher divergence of community structure was observed on RNA level as well, indicating that total community composition depends on deterministic processes, while the active community is determined by stochastic processes. Methanosaeta was identified as the most abundant methanogen on DNA level, but its relative abundance decreased on RNA level, related to salt perturbation. Conclusions:This research demonstrated the need for RNA-based community screening to obtain reliable information on actual community parameters and to identify key species that determine process stability.

Peptide/Cas9 nanostructures for ribonucleoprotein cell membrane transport and gene edition

“… 32 Although the helicity of the parent peptide ( P ) was low (around 15% in PBS buffer), the conjugation with the hydrophobic tails increased the helical character of the resulting hydrazone amphiphile (up to 35%). 32 The hydrazone formation reaction is carried out in mild and fully biocompatible conditions ( i.e. DMSO/H 2 O or DMSO) and the resulting peptide amphiphiles can be directly complexed with the bioactive cargo and the cells without any special requirement or further purification ( Fig.…”

“…1A ). 32 The hydrazone formation reactions were carried out in the presence of an excess of aldehyde (6 equiv. per tail) to maximize the presence of the di-hydrazone amphiphilic peptide.…”

Glycosylated Cell‐Penetrating Peptides (GCPPs)

“…[100] Furthermore, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) a-glycosylation to threonine or serine is included in the Tn antigen,w hichi so ne of the most specific human tumor associated carbohydrate antigens. For this purpose, we have designeda na mphiphilic peptide scaffold that incorporates two reactive alkoxyaminec onnectors [3,105,106] to anchor glycan aldehydes ( Figure 1A). [103] However,t hese interesting seminals tudies with glycosylatedc ell-penetrating peptides (GCPPs) were restricted to the galactose pendant and Chineseh amster ovary cell line.…”

Supramolecular Recognition and Selective Protein Uptake by Peptide Hybrids

“…Classicala pproaches for protein transport include liposome encapsulation, viral delivery,c ovalentc apture, electroporation, and translational fusion to penetrating tags. [2,7] Nature-inspired penetratingp eptides [8][9][10][11][12][13] are among the most commonlye mployed tags in translational fusion. [14][15][16][17][18][19] However, protein fusion requires tedious steps of transfection, bacterial expression, andp urification.…”