Hydride formation by atomic hydrogen reactions

Siegel, Bernard

doi:10.1021/ed038p496

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We mention that despite some claims, 88 the synthesis of TlH 3 remains a challenge. 89,90 InH 3 has been studied recently 91 but is extremely unstable. Thus, it appears that (113)H 3 will not be a stable compound.…”

Section: B the Polyatomic Hydrides And Halides Of Element 113mentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry of superheavy elements. III. Theoretical studies on element 113 compounds

Seth

Schwerdtfeger

Fægri

1999

The Journal of Chemical Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chemistry of element 113 is investigated by theoretical methods. The results of fully relativistic calculations for ͑113͒H and ͑113͒F are compared with those derived by other techniques to obtain an indication of the accuracy of the more approximate models as well as the importance of including scalar and/or spin-orbit relativistic effects. Both of these effects are found to be important. The spin-orbit coupled pseudopotential approximation yields results of satisfactory accuracy, but the two relativistic methods that do not include spin-orbit coupling ͑Douglas-Kroll and scalar relativistic pseudopotential method͒ do not agree so well with each other. The calculated properties of ͑113͒H and ͑113͒F and a number of other hydrides and halides of element 113 are compared with the properties of the equivalent compounds of the lighter group 13 elements. In general, element 13 exhibits behavior that is consistent with its placement in group 13 of the periodic table. Some of its properties are found to be somewhat unusual however, e.g., the element is relatively electronegative, the molecules (113)H 3 , (113)F 3 , and (113)Cl 3 are predicted to be T-shaped rather than trigonal planar, and the 6d electrons of element 113 participate to a significant extent in chemical bonding. Compounds where element 113 is present in the ϩ5 oxidation state are considered as well but are predicted to be thermodynamically unstable.

show abstract

Section: B the Polyatomic Hydrides And Halides Of Element 113mentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry of superheavy elements. III. Theoretical studies on element 113 compounds

Seth

Schwerdtfeger

Fægri

1999

The Journal of Chemical Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even further as the formation of silicon nanowires using gallium has been observed to be hydride mediated, we can expect that the same mechanism could be extended for aluminum for one main reason: previous reports have shown the interaction between hydrogen and aluminum at high temperatures. This interaction leads to the formation of hydrides at relative high temperatures ~ 1100 ºC 125 . As the interaction with hydrogen has been observed in the absence of plasma, it is expected that such interaction occur at lower temperature when plasma is used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma catalysis using low melting point metals.

Carreon¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plasma catalysis is emerging as one of the most promising alternatives to carry out several reactions of great environmental importance, from the synthesis of nanomaterials to chemicals of great interest. However, the combined effect of a catalyst and plasma is not clear. For the particular case of 1-D nanomaterials growth, the low temperatures synthesis is still a challenge to overcome for its scalable manufacturing on flexible substrates and thin metal foils. Herein, the use of low-melting-point metal clusters under plasma excitation was investigated to determine the effectiveness in their ability to catalyze the growth of 1-D nanomaterials. Specifically, plasma catalysis using Gallium (Ga) was studied for the growth of silicon nanowires. The synthesis experiments using silane in hydrogen flow over Ga droplets in the presence of plasma excitation yielded tip-led growth of silicon nanowires. In the absence of plasma, Ga droplets did not lead to silicon nanowire growth, indicating the plasma-catalyst synergistic effect when using Ga as catalyst. The resulting nanowires had a 1:1 droplet diameter to nanowire diameter relationship when the droplet diameters were less than 100 nm. From 100 nm to a micron, the ratio increased from 1:1 to 2:1 due to differences with wetting behavior as a function of droplet size. The growth vi experiments using Ga droplets derived from the reduction of Gallium oxide nanoparticles resulted in silicon nanowires with size distribution similar to that of Gallium oxide nanoparticles. Systematic experiments over 100 ºC-500 ºC range suggest that the lowest temperature for the synthesis of silicon nanowires using the plasma-gallium system is 200 ºC. A set of experiments using Ga alloys with aluminum and gold was also conducted. The results show that both Ga rich alloys (Ga-Al and Ga-Au) allowed the growth of silicon nanowires at a temperature as low as 200 ºC. This temperature is the lowest reported when using either pure Al or Au. The estimated activation energy barrier for silicon nanowire growth kinetics using AlGa alloy (~48.6 kJ/mol) was higher compared to that using either pure Ga or Ga-Au alloy (~34 kJ/mol). The interaction between Ga and hydrogen was measured experimentally by monitoring pressure changes in a Ga packed batch reactor at constant temperature. The decrease of the pressure inside the reactor when the Ga was exposed to plasma indicated the absorption of hydrogen in Ga. The opposite effect is observed when the plasma is turned off suggesting that hydrogen desorbed from Ga. This experimental observation suggests that Ga acts as hydrogen sink in the presence of plasma. The formation of Ga-H species in the Ga surface and in the bulk as intermediate is suggested to be responsible for the dehydrogenation of silyl radicals from the gas phase and subsequently for selective dissolution of silicon into molten Ga. The proposed reaction mechanism is also consistent with the experimentally determined activation barrier for growth kinetics (~34 kJ/mol). In addition, theoretical simulati...

show abstract

“…79 The reactions of H atoms in the gaseous phase and in solution have very extensively studied using kinetic methods because of the transient nature of this species.…”

Section: Atomic Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen: Inorganic Chemistry

Kakiuchi¹

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The properties of behavior of hydrogen and its isotopes, and the various applications of hydrogen are presented and discussed. The natural occurrence, preparation, use, and analysis of hydrogen are described. The atomic properties of protium (H), deuterium (D), and tritium (T) and the major physical properties of isotopic molecular hydrogen and isotopic water molecules are compared, and the distribution of deuterium and tritium in nature is geochemically discussed. Isotope effects concerning the vapor pressure and the fractionation factor of hydrogen and water molecules in equilibrium are explained, and are expanded in aqueous solutions. The chemical properties of atomic and ionized hydrogen, the reactions of molecular hydrogen, and the absorption and adsorption of hydrogen are compiled. The topics of the hydrogen spectroscopy, the ortho‐ and para‐hydrogen, the hydrogen in semiconductor, and the hydrogen energy are also compiled.

show abstract

Hydride formation by atomic hydrogen reactions

Abstract: Hydride formation by atomic hydrogen has not been proved for many metals.

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

The chemistry of superheavy elements. III. Theoretical studies on element 113 compounds

The chemistry of superheavy elements. III. Theoretical studies on element 113 compounds

Plasma catalysis using low melting point metals.

Hydrogen: Inorganic Chemistry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About