Hydro-chemical characterisation and quality assessment of shallow groundwater in parts of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Ghimire, Manisha; Kayastha, Sadhana Pradhanang; Regmi, Tejendra; Bhuiyan, Chandrashekhar

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2022.103349

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…PC3 with a variance of 15.6%, had a negative correlation with pH (-0.422) and NO₂ˉ-N (-0.373) and a weak positive relationship with coliform (0.308), E. coli (0.304), Mn (0.406) and As (0.307). These contaminants can also arise from septic tanks and breeding microorganisms in landfills; this was also reported in a previous analysis by Ghimire et al (2023) [71]. PC4 displayed 11.8% of the total variance, with a significant relationship at a weak correlation with pH (0.444), Pb (0.394) and Hg (0.436) and TH (-0.316).…”

Section: Correlation Between Groundwater Quality Parameterssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The strong positive correlations are observed in TDS and Clˉ (r=0.71), NH₄⁺-N and Clˉ (r=0.84), and NO₃ˉ-N and NO₂ˉ-N (r=0.91). The correlation between TDS and Clˉ was also found in the study of Ghimire et al (2023) [71]. Moreover, total hardness had the moderate positive correlations with TDS (r=0.62), Clˉ (r=0.58), and Mn (r=0.42).…”

Section: Correlation Between Groundwater Quality Parameterssupporting

confidence: 56%

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Seasonal Variations in Groundwater Quality under Different Impacts Using Statistical Approaches

Giao

Huynh

2023

Civ Eng J

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The objective of this study was to evaluate seasonal fluctuations in groundwater quality, determine the effects of different stressors on this resource, and recognize the potential pollution sources in a coastal region of southern Vietnam. Eleven samples collected in Ben Tre province during the dry and wet seasons were then analyzed for sixteen parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, total hardness (TH), ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), nitrite (NO₂ˉ-N), nitrate (NO₃ˉ-N), sulfate (SO₄²ˉ), chloride (Clˉ), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), coliforms, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were employed. The results indicated that total dissolved solids, salinity, total hardness, Clˉ, E. coli and coliform were detected as contaminants in groundwater samples. The trend of fluctuations in the parameters was mostly higher in the dry season. Which Mn and coliform significantly fluctuated between the dry and wet seasons. Activities in industrial-craft areas, landfills and seawater-intruded areas negatively impacted groundwater quality, typically TDS in industrial-craft areas, coliform and E.coliat the landfill area. Six principal components obtained from PCA could explain 93.6% of the variance, and all parameters are responsible for variations in groundwater quality. Geology, discharged wastewater, landfill leachate, agricultural activities, and saltwater intrusion can be considered representative factors. CA grouped the collected samples into four clusters based on the similarity in water properties. The analysis results showed that the locations in each cluster have outstanding water quality characteristics, clusters I and III have high TDS characteristics, cluster II has coliforms, and cluster IV sets of locations with high salinity. This study is promised to partially fill the gap in comprehensive information on groundwater quality in the coastal province so that policymakers can develop sustainable water management strategies in the future. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-03-01 Full Text: PDF

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Section: Correlation Between Groundwater Quality Parameterssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Correlation Between Groundwater Quality Parameterssupporting

confidence: 56%

Seasonal Variations in Groundwater Quality under Different Impacts Using Statistical Approaches

Giao

Huynh

2023

Civ Eng J

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“…Notable examples include election area development programs, users' committees involved in development schemes, and agricultural subsidies. These mechanisms serve as conduits through which public funds flow out to political cadres and associates, effectively draining the national coffers (Ghimire, 2023). In Nepal, a disconcerting awareness prevails regarding certain policies that are not just ineffective but entirely nonsensical.…”

Section: Analysis and Findings Public Policy And Local Development In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interplay between good governance, public policy, and sustainable development is evident, emphasizing the role of democracy, civil society, government institutions, and conviction in fostering these crucial aspects of society. According to Ghimire (2023) in Nepal, the negative impact of inadequate design during policy formulation, insufficient coordination between complementary policies, and imprudent allocation of resources has been evident. The overlapping responsibilities of political leaders and civil servants play a significant role, with ministers involved in micromanagement and bureaucrats focusing on policy management.…”

Section: Introducationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Policy and Local Development : An Analysis with Nepalese Perspective

Ghimire

2023

Hum. Soc. Sci. J.

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The intricate and significant relationship between local development and public policy is fundamental to understanding their interplay. Local development involves enhancing economic, social, and environmental conditions within specific geographic areas like cities, towns, or regions. In contrast, public policy encompasses the decisions, actions, and guidelines formulated by governments to address societal issues and achieve specific goals. Public policies essentially provide the framework and boundaries within which local development occurs. When well-crafted and effectively executed, public policies have the potential to catalyze positive outcomes in local development, fostering economic growth, improving quality of life, and enhancing overall community well-being. However, in Nepal, the execution of unsystematic policies for national development, along with local governments struggling to define their priorities and neglecting sustainable development based on local resources and job creation, presents a stark contrast to the ideal of local development as the foundation of democracy, reflecting the challenges and obstacles from the central to local government levels. Nepal should focus on sustainable development through the development policies for a self-reliant economy. This article tries to analyze the problems of public policies and local development.

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“…Additionally, excessive groundwater extraction might lower the quality of the water by increasing the quantity of halide, fluoride, nitrate and other chemicals like heavy metals (Négrel, Lemiere, Machard de Grammont, Billaud, & Sengupta, 2007;Tang et al, 2022). The use of agrochemicals, excessive recharge, and the dumping of untreated sewage are some factors that affect the ionic composition of groundwater and higher or lower concentrations of chemical substances than what is wanted in drinking water influence human body, posing significant health risks (Ghimire, Kayastha, Regmi, & Bhuiyan, 2023;Kelepertsis, Alexakis, & Skordas, 2006;Rajmohan & Elango, 2006;Vasanthavigar, Srinivasamoorthy, Rajiv Ganthi, Vijayaraghavan, & Sarma, 2012). The assessment and determination of groundwater quality like chemical, physical and physicochemical as well as biological status its essential or too important for utilisation safely, illness prevention, and societal advancement, but sadly, impoverished nations like Nepal do not prioritise assessing the quality of their water (Chandrashekhar Bhuiyan & Champati Ray, 2017;Ghimire et al, 2023;Ishaku, Ahmed, & Abubakar, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Integrated Groundwater Quality Index in Central Terai of Nepal for Drinking and Agriculture Use: An Advanced Geospatial Analysis with Indices (EWQI, IWQI) and ANN Modelling

Shrestha,

Zhihou

2024

Preprint

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The availability of clean and safe drinking water sources has come under scrutiny due to the degradation of water quality caused by a variety of anthropogenic and natural factors. In Nepal's Central Terai region, water quality is crucial to sustaining the environment and public health, 25 samples of shallow groundwater a thorough analysis were carried out to evaluate the quality of groundwater in Central Terai, Nepal, where it is crucial for fulfilling these basic requirements. To assist the integrated groundwater quality index of the study area the groundwater quality index such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Absorption Ratio (MAR), Sodium Percentage (Na%), Permeability index (PI), Kelly’s ratio (KR), Irrigation water quality index (IWQI) and Entropy Weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI) was determine which sows the value of water quality is moderate (76%) to highly (16%) vulnerable of the study area. The discovery that a number of chemical characteristics, including calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphate, sodium, potassium, and salt, exceeded WHO criteria raises concerns since it may be the result of uncontrolled fertiliser usage and geological interactions. One encouraging finding was that the EWQI determined that most groundwater samples were fit for human consumption. A small percentage of the samples, nonetheless, did not meet the suggested standards, underscoring the importance of exercising caution while safeguarding this essential resource. The IWQI showed that several of the samples ware suitable when it came to irrigation. The use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the prediction of the integrated groundwater quality index vulnerability is significant with the validation value R=0.998 and the regression coefficient (R2) is 0.996. To stop the quality of the groundwater from further declining and to safeguard public health, these zones need specific solutions. For, the purpose of developing efficient plans for managing water resources and mitigating causes of pollution, this research is a great resource for those in charge of making decisions in the area.

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Hydro-chemical characterisation and quality assessment of shallow groundwater in parts of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Cited by 12 publications

References 69 publications

Seasonal Variations in Groundwater Quality under Different Impacts Using Statistical Approaches

Seasonal Variations in Groundwater Quality under Different Impacts Using Statistical Approaches

Public Policy and Local Development : An Analysis with Nepalese Perspective

Predictive Integrated Groundwater Quality Index in Central Terai of Nepal for Drinking and Agriculture Use: An Advanced Geospatial Analysis with Indices (EWQI, IWQI) and ANN Modelling

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