Hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium improved blood glucose, liver enzymes and lipid profile compared to metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Background Recent studies have reported that herbal extracts may have some protective effect against the complications of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Achillea millefolium hydroalcoholic extract in comparison to metformin on liver damage, lipid abnormality, and glycemic control in diabetic rats. Methods Rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups of 10 animals. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to 4 groups of rats. Three groups of diabetic rats were given 250 mg/kg/day metformin, 25 mg/kg/day Achillea millefolium hydroalcoholic extract, or 100 mg/kg/day of this extract. Two non-diabetic groups were also given either 25 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day Achillea millefolium extract. Normal control and diabetic control rats received 1 mL/day of normal saline. Treatments were administered through oral gavage for 28 days. At the end, rats were anesthetized with ether and their serum samples were separated in order to measure blood glucose, serum total protein, lipids, and liver enzymes. Results There was a significant reduction in blood glucose, serum liver enzymes, triglycerides, and total- and LDL-cholesterol levels of the Achillea millefolium extract-treated groups compared to the other groups. In addition, there was a significant increment in body weight and HDL-cholesterol serum level in the Achillea millefolium-treated groups. Conclusion Achillea millefolium extract compared to metformin reduces lipid abnormality, blood glucose and liver enzymes in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Future clinical studies are warranted to confirm our experimental findings in humans.

Protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract ofachillea millefoliumon renal injury and biochemical factors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

“…Our study indicates that intraperitoneal injections of STZ (50 mg/kg) could induce hyperglycemia, and decrease the serum level of insulin during 72 h. In our study, the serum HDL level was increased in the Achillea millefolium group, while the serum LDL, TG, cholesterol and glucose levels were decreased. In-consistent with our results, one study showed that long-term consumption of Achillea millefolium improved serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride and increase HDL (Rezaei et al, 2020). In another study, treatment with Achillea millefolium, decreased the levels of serum glucose (Zolghadri et al, 2014).…”

Determination of content analysis of Achillea arabica Kotschy. plant flower ethanolic extract by LC-MS/MS and NMR and revealing the curative effects of the extract in diabetic rats

“…Decrease in the treatment groups of blood glucose, HbA1c, liver and kidney damage biomarkers indicate that the plant extract has an antidiabetic and antioxidant role. In previous studies reported that similar results from Achillea species on blood glucose and biochemical parameters levels in rats [12,42]. In another study, it have been reported that Achillea arabica (synonymous: Achillea biebersteinii) ethanolic extract may have α-amylase enzyme inhibition, hypoglycemia and therapeutic effects on pancreatic damage in diabetes mellitus [28].…”

“…Achillea arabica essential oil (0.2 ml/kg/day) has been reported to cause a decrease in AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides LDL and VLDL levels and an increase in HDL level against CCl 4 -induced toxicity in rats over 21 days [44]. In another study, it was reported that 25 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day Achillea millefolium extract had a signi cant reduction in blood sugar, serum liver enzymes, triglycerides, and total CHOL and LDL cholesterol levels compared to the diabetic groups [42].…”

Rosinidin Flavonoid Ameliorates Hyperglycemia, Lipid Pathways and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…In the current study, STZ resulted in significant hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and significant proinflammatory cytokinin, in addition to antioxidant and oxidative stress with a noticeable upsurge in levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, amylase, ALT, AST and urea; meanwhile, HDL-C, total protein, albumin and liver glycogen markedly decreased. A variety of studies have provided equivalent results [ 16 ].…”