Hydrocarbon gases emitted from vehicles on the road. 2. Determination of emission rates from diesel and spark-ignition vehicles

Source Profiles for Nonmethane Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere of Cairo, Egypt

“…The hydrocarbon emissions of diesel engine vehicles exhibit a maximum at about C 14 . 24 Hampton et al 25 and Sagebiel et al 24 reported mole ratios of dodecane to undecane of 0.99 and 1.2, respectively, for the Allegheny Mountain and Fort McHenry/ Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel studies. These values are similar to the ratio of 1.1 that was observed for the cold-start diesel emissions in the bus parking garage.…”

Source Profiles and Ozone Formation Potentials of Volatile Organic Compounds in Three Traffic Tunnels in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] Work has also recently been done in traffic tunnels to obtain the hydrocarbon speciation of vehicle emissions. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Kaohsiung, in the south, is the second largest city in Taiwan with an area of 153.6 km 2 and a population of 1.49 million. Furthermore, about half of Taiwan's middle and heavy industries are located either in or around the city, including the petroleum, refinery, chemical, plastic, steel-making, and power-generation industries, such that the air quality in the Kaohsiung metropolitan area and in its two neighboring counties (Kaohsiung County and Ping-Tong County) has long been the worst on the island.…”

Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene

“…Starting gasolinepowered vehicles in attached garages can contribute to increased indoor ethylbenzene exposure (Dodson et al 2008). Emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles were found to be somewhat higher than from diesel trucks (Hampton et al 1983). Similarly, ethylbenzene has been measured in jet fuel emissions (Katzman and Libby 1975) and has been reported in waste incinerator stack emissions (Jay and Steiglitz 1995;Junk and Ford 1980).…”

“…Ethylbenzene has numerous uses (ACGIH 2002;Ransley 1984;Verschueren 1983), and production of the chemical has steadily increased since 1983 (C&EN 1994a(C&EN , 1994b(C&EN , 1995(C&EN , 2006Kirschner 1995). Releases occur from a variety of common sources including manufacturing and production (TRI06 2008), fuels, automobile exhaust, and fumes from paints, varnishes, solvents, carpet glue, and hot asphalt (Fishbein 1985;Hampton et al 1983;Junk and Ford 1980;Katzman and Libby 1975;Kitto et al 1997;Mukund et al 1996;NAS 1980;Wallace et al 1987b). Ethylbenzene also is released from waste waters to the atmosphere in municipal sewer systems (Quigley and Corsi 1995).…”