Hydrocarbon Potential of the Intracratonic Ogaden Basin, Se Ethiopia

Hunegnaw, Addisu; Sage, Leland L.; Gonnard, R.

doi:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00793.x

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The sea covered the NS-trending block-faulted structures connected to the Karoo rift system in southern Ethiopia (Ogaden region), and the NWtrending rift basins linked to the Central Africa shear zone in central Ethiopia (e.g., the Blue Nile rift) (Bosellini 1989;Hunegnaw et al 1998;Gani et al 2009) (Fig. 2.7).…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many deep oil boreholes in the Ogaden basin have intersected Late Paleozoic sediments of possible glacial to fluvial environment, unconformably resting on the basement and capped by Permian to Triassic continental clastic sediments from lacustrine, deltaic, and fluvial environment. The latter are considered to belong to the Karoo System (Hunegnaw et al 1998). The glacial and fluvio-glacial deposits were located at the margin of the southern ice sheet of the Pangea (Martini et al 2001).…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Paleozoic to Eocene sedimentary cover of the Proterozoic terranes summarized in the general syntheses by Dainelli (1943) and Mohr (1962) has been thoroughly investigated by Dow et al (1971), Bosellini et al (1997Bosellini et al ( , 2001, Hunegnaw et al (1998), Kumpulainen et al (2006), and Bussert and Schrank (2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology of Ethiopia: A Review and Geomorphological Perspectives

Abbate

Bruni

Sagri

2015

World Geomorphological Landscapes

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The Ethiopian region records about one billion years of geological history. The first event was the closure of the Mozambique ocean between West and East Gondwana with the development of the Ethiopian basement ranging in age from 880 to 550 Ma. This folded and tilted Proterozoic basement underwent intense erosion, which lasted one hundred million years, and destroyed any relief of the Precambrian orogen. Ordovician to Silurian fluviatile sediments and Late Carboniferous to Early Permian glacial deposits were laid down above an Early Paleozoic planation surface. The beginning of the breakup of Gondwana gave rise to the Jurassic flooding of the Horn of Africa with a marine transgression from the Paleotethys and the Indian/Madagascar nascent ocean. After this Jurassic transgression and deposition of Cretaceous continental deposits, the Ethiopian region was an exposed land for a period of about seventy million years during which a new important peneplanation surface developed. Concomitant with the first phase of the rifting of the Afro/Arabian plate, a prolific outpouring of the trap flood basalts took place predominantly during the Oligocene over a peneplained land surface of modest elevation. In the northern Ethiopian plateau, huge Miocene shield volcanoes were superimposed on the flood basalts. Following the end of the Oligocene, the volcanism shifted toward the Afar depression, which was experiencing a progressive stretching, and successively moved between the southern Ethiopian plateau and the Somali plateau in correspondence with the formation of the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). The detachment of the Danakil block and Arabian subcontinent from the Nubian plate resulted in steep marginal escarpments marked by flexure and elongated sedimentary basins. Additional basins developed in the Afar depression and MER in connection with new phases of stretching. Many of these basins have yielded human remains crucial for reconstructing the first stages of human evolution. A full triple junction was achieved in the Early Pliocene when the MER penetrated into the Afar region, where the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea rifts were already moving toward a connection via the volcanic ranges of northern Afar. The present-day morphology of Ethiopia is linked to the formation of the Afar depression, MER, and Ethiopian plateaus. These events are linked to the impingement of one or more mantle plumes under the Afro-Arabian plate. The elevated topography of the Ethiopian plateaus is the result of profuse volcanic accumulation and successive uplift. This new highland structure brought about a reorganization of the East Africa river network and a drastic change in the atmospheric circulation.

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Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology of Ethiopia: A Review and Geomorphological Perspectives

Abbate

Bruni

Sagri

2015

World Geomorphological Landscapes

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“…In East Africa, these basins were developed by extensional and transtensional movements [3,5]. The Blue Nile Basin is one of the failed arms of the Karroo Rift system [6].…”

Section: Background Geology Of the Blue Nile Basin Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Contrast in clay mineralogy and their effect on reservoir properties in sandstone formations</b>

Ahmed¹

2008

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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ABSTRACT. Adigrat sandstone formation in the Blue Nile Basin is dominated by quartz arenite and subarkosic arenite, and cemented by carbonate, clay minerals and quartz overgrowths. Clay minerals in the Adigrat sandstone formation are dominated by kaolinite, illite and chlorite. Illite is the common grain-coating clay mineral. The common pore-filling minerals are kaolinite, illite and chlorite. The formation reaches a depth of 3 km, which facilitated the change of kaolinite to illite. Clay minerals are the major reducer of porosity and permeability in the Adigrat sandstone formation.The Permo-Triassic sandstones in the Ulster Basin were deposited in NE-SW trending fault-bounded asymmetrical graben. The Permo-Triassic sandstones reaches a burial depth of 1/2 km in the marginal areas and 4.5 km in the basin center. The basin underwent multiple episodes of uplift and erosion in the Upper Jurassic, and Mid-Cretaceous, and uplift and inversion in the Upper Tertiary. The difference of the clay mineralogy in the Permo-Triassic in the Ulster Basin depends upon the depositional environments, source area geology and burial history of the basin. Illite-smectite is grain coating, whereas smectite, illite-smectite, smectite-chlorite, chlorite, illite and kaolinite are the common pore-filling clay minerals in the Permo-Triassic sandstones in the Ulster Basin. Clay minerals reduced the porosity and permeability of the Permo-Triassic sandstones.

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“…1, 2, 4). Much of this terrane is underlain by a complex, broadly southwest-northeast trending Mesozoic basin that extends from northernmost Kenya to Somalia and roughly parallels the northern Ethiopian rift (Assefa 1988;Hunegnaw et al 1998). Regionally the Ogaden basin is tilted to the southeast exposing basement, late Triassic and Jurassic rocks near Afar and Cretaceous rocks in southeast Ethiopia and Somalia (Hunegnaw et al 1998).…”

Section: Ogaden Region Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Early magmatism in the greater Red Sea rift: timing and significance

Bosworth¹,

Stöckli

2016

Can. J. Earth Sci.

103

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Throughout the greater Red Sea rift system the initial late Cenozoic syn-rift strata and extensional faulting are closely associated with alkali basaltic volcanism. Older stratigraphic units are either pre-rift or deposited during pre-rupture mechanical weakening of the lithosphere. The East African superplume appeared in northeast Africa ϳ46 Ma but was not accompanied by any significant extensional faulting. Continental rifting began in the eastern and central Gulf of Aden at ϳ31-30 Ma coeval with the onset of continental flood volcanism in northern Ethiopia, Eritrea, and western Yemen. Volcanism appeared soon after at Derudeb in southern Sudan and at Harrats Hadan and As Sirat in Saudi Arabia. From ϳ26.5 to 25 Ma a new phase of volcanism began with the intrusion of a dike field reaching southeast of Afar into the Ogaden. At 24-23 Ma dikes were emplaced nearly simultaneously north of Afar and reached over 2000 km into northern Egypt. The dike event linked Afar to the smaller Cairo mini-plume and corresponds to initiation of lithospheric extension and rupture in the central and northern Red Sea and Gulf of Suez. By ϳ21 Ma the dike intrusions along the entire length of the Red Sea were completed. Each episodic enlargement of the greater Red Sea rift system was triggered and facilitated by breakthrough of mantle-derived plumes. However, the absence of any volumetrically significant rift-related volcanism during the main phase of Miocene central and northern Red Sea -Gulf of Suez rifting supports the interpretation that plate-boundary forces likely drove overall separation of Arabia from Africa.Résumé : Dans l'ensemble du grand système du rift de la mer Rouge, les strates initiales syn-rifting et l'extension par failles d'âge cénozoïque tardif sont étroitement associées à un volcanisme basaltique alcalin. Les unités stratigraphiques plus anciennes précèdent la formation du rift ou ont été déposées durant l'affaiblissement mécanique de la lithosphère qui a précédé la rupture. Le superpanache est-africain est apparu dans le nord-est de l'Afrique à ϳ46 Ma, mais n'était pas accompagné d'une importante déformation par failles. Le rifting continental a commencé dans l'est et le centre du golfe d'Aden à ϳ31-30 Ma, en même temps que le début du volcanisme continental de plateau dans le nord de l'Éthiopie, en Érythrée et dans l'ouest du Yémen. Le volcanisme est apparu peu après à Derudeb, dans le sud du Soudan, et aux Harrats Hadan et As Sirat, en Arabie saoudite. À partir de ϳ26,5-25 Ma, une nouvelle phase de volcanisme a débuté avec l'intrusion d'un essaim de dykes allant du sud-est d'Afar jusque dans l'Ogaden. À 24-23 Ma, des dykes ont été mis en place presque simultanément au nord d'Afar et s'étalant sur plus de 2000 km jusque dans le nord de l'Égypte. L'intrusion de dykes a relié Afar au mini-panache plus petit du Caire et correspond au début de la distension et de la rupture lithosphériques dans le centre et le nord de la mer Rouge et le golfe de Suez. À ϳ21 Ma, l'intrusion de dykes sur toute la longueur de ...

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Hydrocarbon Potential of the Intracratonic Ogaden Basin, Se Ethiopia

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

Geology of Ethiopia: A Review and Geomorphological Perspectives

Geology of Ethiopia: A Review and Geomorphological Perspectives

<b>Contrast in clay mineralogy and their effect on reservoir properties in sandstone formations</b>

Early magmatism in the greater Red Sea rift: timing and significance

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