Hydrocarbons and Evaporites

Warren, John K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13512-0_10

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…Jackson and Vendeville, 1994). This approach is supported by the observation that salt flows when loaded; and that faulting rather than folding characterizes deformation in the overburden (Davison 2009;Warren, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Davison et al (1996) estimated the ratio between sedimentary-rock and evaporite-rock viscosity ranging from 50 to 10000. Thus, salt, similar to any fluid, cannot support shear stress (Hudec and Jackson, 2007;Warren, 2016). Various modelling studies have consequently treated subsurface salt as a pseudo-fluid flowing in the subsurface and consider its sedimentary overburden as solid (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing 3D subsurface salt flow

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Amberg

Sachse

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Archimedes' principle states that the upward buoyant force exerted on a solid immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the solid displaces. In this 3D salt-reconstruction study we treat Zechstein evaporites in the subsurface of the Netherlands, Central Europe, as a pseudo-fluid with a density of 2.2 g/cm3, overlain by a lighter and solid overburden. 3D sequential removal (backstripping) of a differential sediment load above the Zechstein evaporites is used to incrementally restore the top Zechstein surface. Assumption of a constant subsurface evaporite volume enables the stepwise reconstruction of base Zechstein and the approximation of 3D salt-thickness change and lateral salt re-distribution over time. The salt restoration presented is sensitive to any overburden thickness change irrespective if caused by tectonics, basin tilt or sedimentary process. Sequential analysis of lateral subsurface salt loss and gain through time based on Zechstein isopach difference maps provides new basin-scale insights into 3D subsurface salt flow and redistribution, supra-salt depocentre development, the rise and fall of salt structures, and external forces' impact on subsurface salt movement. The 3D reconstruction procedure described can serve as a template for analyzing other salt basins worldwide and provides a stepping stone to physically sound fluid-dynamic models of salt tectonic provinces.

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confidence: 86%

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confidence: 99%

Reconstructing 3D subsurface salt flow

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Amberg

Sachse

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Whether or not dolomitization occurred in fluids saturated with respect to gypsum can further be constrained by comparing the gypsum and dolomite d 18 O data. Given that the d 18 O in dissolved SO 4 from typical seawater is ca +8.6&, and that the fractionation factor for d 18 O from dissolved SO 4 to gypsum is ca +3.5& (Markovic et al, 2016;Warren, 2016), gypsum precipitating from seawater with d 18 O of 0& should theoretically have a d 18 O gypsum of +12&. Bulk gypsum d 18 O values in this study range between +15.4& and +15.9&, which implies that gypsum in the Rus Formation precipitated from seawater with d 18 O between +3.7& and +3.9& based on a backcalculation.…”

Section: Dolomite and Gypsum Stable Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early and pervasive dolomitization by near‐normal marine fluids: New lessons from an Eocene evaporative setting in Qatar

2020

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The upper Palaeocene–lower Eocene Umm er Radhuma Formation in the subsurface of Qatar is dominated by subtidal carbonate depositional packages overlain by bedded evaporites. In Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, peritidal carbonate depositional sequences with intercalated evaporites and carbonates in Umm er Radhuma have been previously interpreted to have been dolomitized via downward reflux of hypersaline brines. Here, textural, mineralogical and geochemical data from three research cores in Qatar are presented which, in contrast, are more consistent with dolomitization by near‐normal marine fluids. Petrographic relationships support a paragenetic sequence whereby dolomitization occurred prior to the formation of all other diagenetic mineral phases, including chert, pyrite, palygorskite, gypsum, calcite and chalcedony, which suggests that dolomitization occurred very early. The dolomites occur as finely crystalline mimetic dolomites, relatively coarse planar‐e dolomites, and coarser nonplanar dolomites, all of which are near‐stoichiometric (50.3 mol% MgCO3) and well‐ordered (0.73). The dolomite stable isotope values (range −2.5‰ to +1‰; mean δ18O = −0.52‰) and trace element concentrations (Sr = 40 to 150 ppm and Na = 100 to 600 ppm) are compatible with dolomitization by near‐normal seawater or mesohaline fluids. Comparisons between δ18O values from Umm er Radhuma dolomite and the overlying Rus Formation gypsum further suggest that dolomitization did not occur in fluids related to Rus evaporites. This study provides an example of early dolomitization of evaporite‐related carbonates by near‐normal seawater rather than by refluxing hypersaline brines from overlying bedded evaporites. Further, it adds to recent work suggesting that dolomitization by near‐normal marine fluids in evaporite‐associated settings may be more widespread than previously recognized.

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“…Дезинтеграция пород надсоляной толщи до размерности щебня, декарбонатизация об ломков мергеля до глинистого остатка, а также присутствие прослоев песков суффозионной природы свидетельствуют о возрастании интен сивности процессов выветривания за счет рас слоения, обусловленного растворением и оседа нием кровли соляной толщи. Все перечисленные выше образования можно отнести к коллапс структурам [Warren, 2016].…”

Section: (б) (а)unclassified

New genetic type of leaching zones in the salts of the verkhnekamskoe salt deposit: hydrochemical, mineralogical and structural indicators

Chaikovskiy

Чайковский²,

Korotchenkova

et al. 2019

Литология и полезные ископаемые

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The brine-saturated leaching zone first encountered in the salt rocks of the Verkhnekamskoe Salt Deposit is characterized in detail. It consists of a cavernous nucleus (40×70 m), composed of an aposilvinite syngenite-halite rock with gypsum and kalistroncite, and a recrystallization halo 60–80 m wide, not containing secondary sulfates. Above the leaching zone is a linear zone of weathering and decarbonization of marls above the salt layer. This zone is controlled by the anticlinal crest of the sublatitudinal strike, extending parallel to the Durinsky Trough of the sedimentary-fault nature. The penetration of supra-salt waters into a salt deposit is associated with the manifestation of deformations in the salt mass at its hinge inflection during the formation of the Durinsky deflection in the Early Permian time. The connection of the brines of the investigated leaching zone with infiltration over-salt sulfate-calcium waters was revealed and their place was determined in the general scheme of genetic typification of natural brines and waters circulating in the salt deposit of the Verkhnekamskoe Salt Deposit.

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Hydrocarbons and Evaporites

Cited by 11 publications

References 202 publications

Reconstructing 3D subsurface salt flow

Reconstructing 3D subsurface salt flow

Early and pervasive dolomitization by near‐normal marine fluids: New lessons from an Eocene evaporative setting in Qatar

New genetic type of leaching zones in the salts of the verkhnekamskoe salt deposit: hydrochemical, mineralogical and structural indicators

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