Hydrocephaly Following Fetal X Irradiation

Senyszyn, John J.; Rugh, Roberts

doi:10.1148/93.3.625

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The findings of the current investigation using golden hamsters are in agreement with those documented for rats and mice [Russel, 1950;Russel and Russel, 1952;Wilson et al, 1952;Hicks, 1953;Wilson, 1954;Hicks et al, 1957;Rugh, 1963;Senyszyn and Rugh, 1969;Rugh and Wohlfromm, 1968]. The development of an external hydrocephalus was not, however, observed in our own experiments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The tendency towards periventricular rosette formation increased in the fetuses of hamsters irradiated on the 12th day of gestation. Senyszyn and Rugh [1969] are of the opinion that, following irradiation of the mother, a hydrocephalus may potentially develop at any stage during intrauterine life. Furthermore, they believe that ventricular dilata tion may result from depopulation of the matrix layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation-Induced Developmental Abnormalities of the Brain Ventricles in the Golden Hamster

Révész¹,

Zypen²

1986

Cells Tissues Organs

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The dysontogenesis of the brain ventricle system of golden hamster fetuses was studied after X-ray irradiation of the mother at different stages of pregnancy. Groups of gravid hamsters were irradiated with a single dose (200 R) on either the 6th, 8th, 10th or 12th day of gestation. The fetuses were removed 1 day before birth. The most prominent finding in all stages of development was the dilatation of the brain ventricles. In addition to hydrocephalus, hematocephaly was also found in some cases. Furthermore, a widening of the central canal of the spinal cord with hemorrhagic content could sometimes be observed. Ependymal ectopies and subependymal rosettes occurred more frequently when irradiation was given in the late fetal period. The experimental findings demonstrate that after irradiation of the mother animal, malformation of the brain may be produced during the whole intrauterine period of development. The pattern and extent of malformation depend not only upon the dose of irradiation but also upon the stage of development at which irradiation was given.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-Induced Developmental Abnormalities of the Brain Ventricles in the Golden Hamster

Révész¹,

Zypen²

1986

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most frequent form of human birth defects (reviewed in Copp et al,2003). In developing embryos, one can experimentally induce NTDs during the time of neural tube closure by administering a wide range of treatments to the pregnant female, including exposure to ionizing radiation or cyclophosphamide, inducing hyperthermia, or feeding the pregnant female a vitamin‐deficient or ‐excessive diet (Senyszyn and Rugh,1969; Seller et al,1983; Chernoff et al,1989; Fleming and Copp,1998; Yitzhakie et al,1999). Because NTDs can be induced by such diverse means, it is clear that neural tube closure is a complex developmental event that involves multiple factors and their associated pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural tube development requires the cooperation of p53‐ and Gadd45a‐associated pathways

Patterson

Hildesheim

Fornace

et al. 2006

Birth Defects Research

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BACKGROUND:Numerous genetically engineered mouse models for neural tube defects (NTDs) exist, and some of the implicated proteins are functionally related. For example, the growth arrest and DNA damageinducible protein Gadd45a and tumor suppressor p53 are functionally similar, and both are involved in neural tube development (Gadd45a-and Trp53-null embryos show low levels of exencephaly). To assess their roles in neural tube development, we generated double-null mice from Gadd45a-and Trp53-null mice, as well as from cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (Cdkn1a) (p21)-null and xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC)-null mice that do not show spontaneous exencephaly. METHODS: Gadd45a-, Trp53-, Cdkn1a-, and XPC-null mice were crossed to generate several double-null mouse models. Embryos (embryonic day [ED] 16 -18) from the single-and double-null crosses were scored for NTDs. RESULTS: Deletion of both Gadd45a and Trp53 in mice increased exencephaly frequencies compared to the deletion of either single gene (34.0% in Gadd45a/Trp53-null compared to 8.4% and 9.1% in the Gadd45a-and Trp53-null embryos, respectively). Furthermore, although deletion of another p53-regulated gene, Cdkn1a, is not associated with exencephaly, in conjunction with Gadd45a deletion, the exencephaly frequencies are increased (30.5% in the Gadd45a/Cdkn1a-null embryos) and are similar to those in the Gadd45a/Trp53-null embryos. Although XPC deletion increased exencephaly frequencies in Trp53-null embryos, XPC deletion did not increase the exencephaly frequencies in Gadd45a-null embryos. CONCLU-SIONS: The increased genetic liability to exencephaly in the Gadd45a/Trp53-and Gadd45a/Cdkn1a-null embryos may be related to the disruption of multiple cellular pathways associated with Gadd45a and p53. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:129 -132, 2006.

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Pathogenesis of Reovirus Type 1 Hydrocephalus in Mice

Masters¹,

Alpers²,

Kakulas³

1977

Arch Neurol

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The pathogenesis of hydrocephalus following reovirus type 1 inoculation of neonatal mice has been examined by light microscopy, radiology, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. The reovirus infection causes an acute ependymitis and leptomeningitis, followed by a fibrous arachnoiditis and arachnoid villitis. Hydrocephalus develops in proportion to the degree of inflammatory/fibrotic changes within the cerebrospinal fluid pathways. With the beginning of hydrocephalus there is radiographic evidence of basal cistern blockage. As the hydrocephalic state progresses, axial herniation and compression of the midbrain result in the appearance of aqueduct stenosis. We demonstrate that the stenosis of the aqueduct is a secondary phenomenon, not causally related to the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus, and discuss the significance of this finding to human aqueduct stenosis.

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Hydrocephaly Following Fetal X Irradiation

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Radiation-Induced Developmental Abnormalities of the Brain Ventricles in the Golden Hamster

Radiation-Induced Developmental Abnormalities of the Brain Ventricles in the Golden Hamster

Neural tube development requires the cooperation of p53‐ and Gadd45a‐associated pathways

Pathogenesis of Reovirus Type 1 Hydrocephalus in Mice

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