Hydrochemical and isotopic characterization of groundwater in the southeastern part of the Plateaux Region, Togo

Role of Natural and Anthropogenic Influence on the Salinization of Groundwater from Basement Aquifers in the Middle Part of Mono River Basin, Togo

“…Irrespective of sampling years, mixed Ca-Na-Mg-HCO 3 water types predominate while Na-HCO 3 , Ca-Na-HCO 3 , and Ca-Mg-Cl Na-Cl water types are accessories. This result fits the silicate minerals dominating in the study area [22] [28] [29]. In 2014, few groundwater samples (seven) were displayed in Mg-HCO 3 and Mg-Na-HCO 3 hydrochemical facies field (Figure 3), showing an abundance of Mg 2+ .…”

“…− 3 HCO ( Figure 7(a)), most of the points deviated from the 1:1 line indicating a substantial contribution of alkaline cations neutral acid anions to groundwater chemistry. The plot of Total cations versus − 3 HCO ( Figure 7(b)) shows that Clusters 2 and 3 fall along the 1:1 line, indicating the weathering of a range of silicate minerals such as plagioclase, biotite, alkaline-feldspar, amphiboles, and pyroxenes [29] [35]. The molar ratio − 3 HCO /SiO 2 is expected to be lower than 5 for dominant silicate weathering and higher than 10 for carbonates minerals dissolution since silica is not released by dissolving carbonate [39].…”

“…In the Central and Eastern parts of the study area, lower elevation with depressure, flat and gentle slopes, deforestation, semi-arid conditions, intensive agriculture, and pasture systems may favor the formation Journal of Environmental Protection of soil crusts [21] [35] [37][38]. Furthermore, solutes could be transferred quickly into groundwater due to the relatively sandy weathering profile and thickness[21] [29]. Inversely, the higher rainfall and clayey weathering profile conditions in the West represent limiting factors for groundwater salinization[20].…”

Wells and Boreholes Physicochemical Water Quality Evaluation in the Atakpamé Commune Under Agriculture and Municipal Wastewater Impact .

“…In addition to agriculture, raving animals are present around 59.37% of the sampling points; wastewater and household waste are present around 28.12% of the sampling points. The observation is that the wastewater discarded infiltrates into the soil and contributes to groundwater recharge as it is recharged from precipitation [18] which leaches from the soil surface, hence the likelihood of pollution. For this reason, the safety distance between water points and latrines/sump; 18, 75% of the points are at risk.…”

Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Shallow Groundwater in Lomé, Togo

“…However, groundwater quality can be affected negatively due to natural geological-hydrogeological conditions and human-induced factors (Shirazi et al, 2015;Ontiveros-Terrazas et al, 2020). In the last decade, the development of human activities have increased the pressure on groundwater and the degradation of its quality in rural as well as urban areas (Cronin et al, 2007;Umezawa et al, 2008;Chidya et al, 2016;Lapworth et al, 2017;Anornu, Gibrilla, & Adomako, 2017;Akpataku et al, 2019).…”