Hydrochemical and stable isotope data of water in karst aquifers during normal flow in South Africa

Mokadem, Naziha; Dennis, Rainier; Dennis, Ingrid

doi:10.1007/s12665-021-09845-7

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In general, potassium rarely exceeds 10 or 15 mg/l in natural waters. The highest contents of potassium are probably induced by weathering of potash feldspars minerals [68]. The minimum and maximum concentrations of potassium in the groundwater samples of the study area varied from 5.01 to 25.63 mg/L, with an average of 12.02 mg/L (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemometrics of the Environment: Hydrochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Lioua plain (North Africa) using Time Series and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Athamena¹,

Gaagai²,

Aouissi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Drinking water quality is a major concern, especially in African countries. This manuscript aims to analyze the chemical composition of Lioua’s groundwater in order to determine the geological processes influencing the chemical elements' composition and origin. Therefore, chemometrics techniques such as multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) and time series methods (TSM) are used. Indeed, MSA includes a component analysis (PCA) and a cluster analysis (CA), while au-tocorrelation analysis (AA) supplemented by simple spectral density analysis (SDA) is used for TMS. PCA displays three main factors explaining a total variance (TV) of 85.01 %. Factors 1, 2, and 3 are 68.72%, 11.96%, and 8.89 % of TV, respectively. In the CA, three groups were controlled by TDS and EC. G1 reveals a close association between SO42−, K+, Ca2+, and TDS; G2 reveals a close association between Na+, Cl−, Mg2+, and EC; G3 shows the dissociation of bicarbonates HCO3− and NO3− from other chemical elements. AA shows a linear interrelationship of EC, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, and SO42−. However, NO3− and HCO3− indicate uncorrelated characteristics with other parameters. For SDA, the correlograms of Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, and SO42− have a similar trend with EC. None-theless, pH, Ca2+, HCO3− and NO3− exhibit multiple peaks related to the presence of several dis-tinct cyclic mechanisms. The methods enabled the authors to conclude that the geochemical processes influencing the chemical composition are: (i) dissolution of evaporated mineral depos-its, (ii) water-rock interaction, and (iii) evaporation process. In addition, Groundwater exhibits two bipolar characteristics, one recorded with negative and positive charges on pH and Ca+ and another recorded only with negative charges on HCO3− and NO3−. On the other hand, SO42-, K+, Ca2+, and TDS are the major predominant elements in the groundwater’s chemical composition. The major participation of salts and chlorides is in the electrical conductivity of water. The dominance of the lithological factor in the overall mineralization of the Plio-Quaternary surface aquifer waters. The origins of HCO3− and NO3− are different. Indeed, carbonated for HCO3- has a carbonate origin, whereas NO3– has an anthropogenic origin. The salinity was affected by Mg2+, SO42-, Cl-, Na+, K+, and EC. Ca2+, HCO3− and NO3− are resulted from human activity fertilizers, the carbonate facies outcrops, and domestic sewage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemometrics of the Environment: Hydrochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Lioua plain (North Africa) using Time Series and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Athamena¹,

Gaagai²,

Aouissi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…For groundwater supply to be managed sustainably in water scarce regions, understanding the sources of recharge and flow pattern of groundwater in these regions is imperative. The hydrochemical and stable isotope techniques have been commonly employed to identify groundwater recharge mechanisms and flow paths (Scanlon et al, 2002;Gates et al, 2008;Slabe & Liu, 2009;Bourke et al, 2015;Connor et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2018;Morsy et al, 2018;Mokadem et al, 2021). During the last three decades, chemical constituents and the isotopic composition of water have been widely used to characterize the groundwater recharge sources, recharge rate and flow pattern and therefore address associated resource problems (Bajjali, 2006;Edmunds et al, 2006;Ma et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keywords: Izeh, chemical, isotopes, karst, hydraulic connection. Murillo et al, 2015;Sun et al, 2016;Heydarizad et al, 2021;Mokadem et al, 2021;Tian et al, 2021;Vreca & Kern, 2021) that is, not seriously affected by water-rock interaction processes at low temperatures (Marfia et al, 2004). These isotopes have been used in studies of groundwater recharge and flow direction (Marfia et al, 2004;Rodgers et al, 2005;Blasch & Bryson, 2007;Ryu et al, 2007;Singh et al, 2013(, the heterogeneity of aquifer hydraulic properties (Marfia et al, 2004;Doveri et al, 2013), residence time of groundwater (Rademacher et al, 2003;Mahlknecht et al, 2006), and also the mixing of groundwater from different sources (Coplen, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the hydrogeochemical and isotopic characterization and hydraulic behavior of the Izeh complex karstic area, Khuzestan province, southwest Iran

Kalantari,

Sajadi,

Charchi

et al. 2023

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Proper water resources management requires recognizing and evaluating the factors that affect the quantity and quality of water resources. The Ilam-Sarvak (Upper Cretaceous) and Asmari (Oligocene to Miocene) limestone- dolomite formations in the Zagros structural belt have formed a promising karst groundwater horizon. In the present study, the hydraulic relationship between the karst structures of the Izeh territory in the northeast of Khuzestan province was investigated using hydrogeochemical and isotopic information of springs and wells. The results enabled to understand various components influencing the recharge of water resources. In this study, samples were collected from the karst springs and wells of Mongasht, Shavish-Tanosh and Kamarderaz anticlines and Naal-e-Asbi (Horseshoe) syncline and meteoric water to understand the hydrochemical and isotopic characterization, and hydrogeological and hydraulic behavior of the Izeh karst system. The meteoric and groundwater samples were analyzed to determine major and minor ion concentrations and δ18O and δ2H isotope ratios. Isotopic content ranged from -31.6 to -2.9‰ and from -6.32 to -1.87‰ for δ2H and δ18O, respectively, and d-excess values were high and positive. The study of the isotopic content of water samples of springs and wells in the region shows three groups of water sources. The first group, related to the Mongasht anticline springs, has lower isotopic values, indicating that it is recharged by rainfall at high altitudes and snow melting. The isotopic value of the second group is richer than that of the first group, indicating rainfall recharge as well as groundwater mixing (examples of Naal-e-Asbi syncline and Shavish-Tanosh anticline). The highest value in the third group (samples of Kamarderaz anticline) is attributed to evaporation and longer distance from the recharge site to the discharge point, as well as to the diffusion system. The trend of decrease in Sr+2 and increase in Ba+2 in the samples of dolomitic limestone formations (Shavish Tanosh and Mongasht anticlines) compared to the water samples of Kamarderaz anticline and Naal-e-Asbi syncline indicates the possibility that karst aquifers of the region are recharged from the Mongasht anticline and that there is a hydraulic relationship between these structures. D-excess and δ18O show a linear trend, illustrating the effect of altitude difference on isotopic content and recharge sources. The major and minor changes in the concentration of ions, the isotopic content of groundwater and the relationship between TDS and δ18O and d-excess and δ18O indicate the mixing and recharging of karst aquifers (Shavish-Tanosh, Kamarderaz and Naal-e-Asbi aquifers) from the Mongasht karst aquifer and their hydraulic connection.

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Conceptual model of a semi-arid coastal aquifer using hydrogeochemical seasonal variation and isotopic fingerprints in Tamoios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Sabino

Silva

Costa

et al. 2023

Environ Monit Assess

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Hydrochemical and stable isotope data of water in karst aquifers during normal flow in South Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Chemometrics of the Environment: Hydrochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Lioua plain (North Africa) using Time Series and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Chemometrics of the Environment: Hydrochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Lioua plain (North Africa) using Time Series and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Assessment of the hydrogeochemical and isotopic characterization and hydraulic behavior of the Izeh complex karstic area, Khuzestan province, southwest Iran

Conceptual model of a semi-arid coastal aquifer using hydrogeochemical seasonal variation and isotopic fingerprints in Tamoios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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