Hydrochemical Assessment of the Rivers Adada and Obinna in Enugu, Nigeria, for Irrigational Application

Abugu, Hillary Onyeka; Alum, Ogechi L.; Ekere, Nwachukwu Romanus; Eze, Ifeanyi Samson; Ucheana, Ifeanyi Adolphus; Ezugwu, Arinze Longinus; Ihedioha, Janefrances Ngozi

doi:10.1061/jidedh.ireng-9899

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The deep semi-confined aquiferous systems are found in the area underlain by Nsukka and Ajali formations whereas the weathered shale beds provide an impermeable layer that hinders the downward flow of infiltration water. The thickness range of the superficial unconfined spring framework is from 10 to 60 m [3,20,21]. The genuine thickness of the profound semi-limited spring frameworks could not be resolved from borehole logs since the whole thickness of Ajali formation was not fully penetrated [3,22].…”

Section: Geo-hydrology Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness range of the superficial unconfined spring framework is from 10 to 60 m [3,20,21]. The genuine thickness of the profound semi-limited spring frameworks could not be resolved from borehole logs since the whole thickness of Ajali formation was not fully penetrated [3,22].…”

Section: Geo-hydrology Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Doneen plot of total concentration was made for both rivers under consideration as seen in Figure 6 [3,55]. A prolonged application of water which is rich in Ca 2+ , HCO 3 − , Mg 2+ , and Na + affects soil permeability.…”

Section: Ion Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a bid to find out the suitability of water, the Doneen plot used the PI and classified irrigation water in three different classes: Class-I, Class-II, and Class-III. Only Class-I and -II types of water are suitable for irrigation [3,[55][56][57]. From the plot below, 100% of water samples from both the River Karawa and River Iyiaji fell under Class-I.…”

Section: Ion Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water is used primarily for four purposes: household, agricultural (irrigation), industrial, and in-stream usage [1,2]. Among these significant water uses, agriculture consumes the majority of water globally and accounts for more than 80% of water usage in North America [3,4]. Baker et al [5] and Fellman and Getis [6] also noted that just a tiny percentage of the tremendous amount of water that is present on the earth's surface is usable and fit for use by people, plants, and animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the Hydrochemistry, Scaling and Corrosivity Tendencies, and Irrigation Suitability of the Water of the Rivers Karawa and Iyiaji

Alum,

Abugu,

Onwujiogu

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Assessing water quality is necessary to ascertain its viability for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. A total of 48 water samples were, respectively, drawn from the Rivers Karawa and Iyiaji located in Ezeagu and Uzo-uwani which are typical rural areas in Enugu State, Nigeria. These samples were taken in two seasons (early rainy season and late dry season). Physicochemical properties were determined using standard methods. The scaling and corrosivity potentials of the water were evaluated using the Larson-Skold index, aggressive index, Puckorius scaling index, and Ryznar stability index models. Additionally, seven irrigation evaluation criteria, as well as spatial distribution maps, were used to determine the suitability of the river waters for irrigation purposes and to interpolate the spatial distribution of the river water quality parameters. Major ion chemistry was used in the assessments. The physicochemical properties of river waters fell within the recommended standard values. However, NO3- greatly exceeded the recommended range in both rivers. The cations and anions from River Karawa were Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Na+ and NO3− > Cl− > SO42− > HCO3− > CO3− > PO4−, while those from River Iyiaji were Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and Cl− > SO42− >NO3− > PO4− > HCO3− > CO3−. A piper plot showed the predominance of Ca2+ and Mg+, as well as SO42− and Cl−, in both rivers. The seven irrigation assessment indices indicated that the water of the Rivers Karawa and Iyiaji is suitable for irrigation purposes. In addition, the scaling and corrosivity models predicted that the river waters have high scaling and corrosivity potentials. Specifically, while the aggressive index suggested that it is severely corrosive, the Langelier saturation index suggested that the water from both rivers is supersaturated and, thus, has potential to scale.

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Section: Geo-hydrology Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%