Hydrochemical Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Quaternary Groundwater in Baoshan Basin, Western Yunnan, China

Xiao, Yao; Zhang, Jiahui; Long, Aihua; Xu, Shan; Guo, Tingting; Gu, Xinchen; Deng, Xiaoya; Zhang, Pei

doi:10.3390/w15152736

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The concentration of chloride was high in the vicinity of the discharge area due to the dissolution of halite (NaCl) and the mixing with water from Sebkhat Sidi Elhani, in the eastern part of the study area. Furthermore, confirmation of NaCl dissolution was provided by Na/Cl ratios close to 1 and the sub-saturation state of groundwater with respect to the halite mineral [98,99]. The sulphate contents in the groundwater varied from 206.9 to 1121.13 mg/L, with an average of 764.2 mg/L.…”

Section: Groundwater Hydrochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Applying Multivariate Analysis and Machine Learning Approaches to Evaluating Groundwater Quality on the Kairouan Plain, Tunisia

Salem,

Gaagai,

Ben Slimene

et al. 2023

Water

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In the Zeroud basin, a diverse array of methodologies were employed to assess, simulate, and predict the quality of groundwater intended for irrigation. These methodologies included the irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs); intricate statistical analysis involving multiple variables, supported with GIS techniques; an artificial neural network (ANN) model; and an XGBoost regression model. Extensive physicochemical examinations were performed on groundwater samples to elucidate their compositional attributes. The results showed that the abundance order of ions was Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and SO42− > HCO3− > Cl−. The groundwater facies reflected Ca-Mg-SO4, Na-Cl, and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl/SO4 water types. A cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA), along with ionic ratios, detected three different water characteristics. The mechanisms controlling water chemistry revealed water–rock interaction, dolomite dissolution, evaporation, and ion exchange. The assessment of groundwater quality for agriculture with respect IWQIs, such as the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), potential salinity (PS), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC), revealed that the domination of the water samples was valuable for agriculture. However, the IWQI and PS fell between high-to-severe restrictions and injurious-to-unsatisfactory. The ANN and XGBoost regression models showed robust results for predicting IWQIs. For example, ANN-HyC-9 emerged as the most precise forecasting framework according to its outcomes, as it showcased the most robust link between prime attributes and IWQI. The nine attributes of this model hold immense significance in IWQI prediction. The R2 values for its training and testing data stood at 0.999 (RMSE = 0.375) and 0.823 (RMSE = 3.168), respectively. These findings indicate that XGB-HyC-3 emerged as the most accurate forecasting model, displaying a stronger connection between IWQI and its exceptional characteristics. When predicting IWQI, approximately three of the model’s attributes played a pivotal role. Notably, the model yielded R2 values of 0.999 (RMSE = 0.001) and 0.913 (RMSE = 2.217) for the training and testing datasets, respectively. Overall, these results offer significant details for decision-makers in managing water quality and can support the long-term use of water resources.

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Section: Groundwater Hydrochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Applying Multivariate Analysis and Machine Learning Approaches to Evaluating Groundwater Quality on the Kairouan Plain, Tunisia

Salem,

Gaagai,

Ben Slimene

et al. 2023

Water

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“…The pH value had the smallest CV at 5.37%, indicating that pH value was evenly distributed in space with little spatial variability. The CVs for Cl − , SO 4 2− , and NO 3 − were high, indicating strong variability. The CVs for Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ranged from 72.30% to 96.50%, indicating moderate variability.…”

Section: Hydrochemical Types Of Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean values of cation concentration were in order of Na + > Mg 2+ > Ca 2+ > K + from high to low, while the average values of anion concentration from high to low were SO 4 2− > HCO 3 − > Cl − (Table 2). In addition, SO 4 2− was the most abundant anion, accounting for 20.09% to 79.90% of the total anion concentration, with an average of 59.13%.…”

Section: Hydrochemical Types Of Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have found that the chemical characteristics, water quality characteristics and evolutionary patterns of groundwater are closely related to the surrounding environment, and are mainly affected by the hydrogeological conditions, water-rock interactions, and other natural environments, as well as by human activities, such as domestic sewage and groundwater overexploitation [3][4][5][6]. The main controlling factors of groundwater evolution mainly include soluble salt dissolution, ion exchange, human activities, weathering of silicate minerals, and evaporation [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemical Characteristics and Quality Evaluation of Groundwater in Jinta Basin, Northwest China

Wang,

Han,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Water

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The ecological environment of the northwest inland basin is fragile. The groundwater environment is a crucial influencing factor for the harmonious and sustainable development of the local social economy and the ecological environment. It is significant to investigate the groundwater chemical characteristics, water quality, and the factors that influence groundwater chemistry for groundwater resources development and construction of the ecological environment. In this study, the Jinta Basin (JB), Gansu Province, was the selected study area. Three hundred and fifty groups of shallow groundwater samples in the JB were collected and analyzed, and the characteristics and controlling factors of groundwater were determined by using Piper diagram, Gibbs plot, ion ratio relationship, and factor analysis. Single index evaluation method, comprehensive evaluation method, and entropy-weighted water quality index method were used to evaluate the water quality of the groundwater. The results indicated that the shallow pore water in the JB was alkaline as a whole; the ranges of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the Beidahe River impact area (BIA), the transition area (TA) and the Heihe River impact area (HIA) were 328.4–12,400 mg·L−1, 372.70–3774.0 mg·L−1, and 366.30–75,200.0 mg·L−1, respectively; the major anions and cations of the shallow pore water were SO42−/Cl− and Mg2+/Na+, respectively. The Piper diagram illustrated that the hydrochemical type of groundwater in the JB were mainly HCO3·SO4-Mg type, SO4·HCO3-Mg type, SO4-Mg·Na type, SO4·Cl-Na·Mg type, and Cl-Na type. The overall water quality of the shallow groundwater in the JB was relatively poor, mainly falling into Class IV-V water quality. Sulfate, total hardness (TH), TDS, chloride and sodium were the main influencing factors of water quality. The chemical characteristics of groundwater in the JB were controlled by a variety of natural factors, including rock weathering, evaporative concentration, and cation exchange, among which the main controlling factors of shallow pore water were leaching, evaporative concentration and anthropogenic activities (contribution rate of 73.94%), and sulfate rock and carbonate rock dissolution (contribution rate of 14.91%).

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“…The spatial distribution and formation processes of groundwater chemical components are affected not only by various factors, including local climate conditions, atmospheric precipitation, geological structures, human interventions, and water-rock interactions within aquifers (Tang et al 2019;Xiao et al 2023). Extensive research has been conducted in arid and semi-arid regions, yielding valuable insights into the sources and evolution patterns of groundwater components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Hydrochemical Characteristics and Formation mechanism of Groundwater in the Banggou Iron Mine Area, Peru

Ge,

Wang,

Wan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Understanding the hydrochemical characteristics and formation processes of groundwater in mining areas is crucial for protecting and utilizing underground water resources. This study analyzed 42 groundwater samples from the Banggou mining area in Peru to determine the spatial-temporal distribution patterns and formation processes of chemical components. Statistical analysis, Gibbs diagrams, ion ratios, and hydrogeochemical modeling techniques were used. The results show that the groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline (pH = 7.72) and has a total dissolved solids (TDS) range of 253.19 to 17912.82 mg/L, with an average of 2788.31 mg/L. About 55% of the groundwater samples are classified as brackish or saline water. The chemical composition of groundwater is mainly controlled by evaporation, rock weathering, human activities, oxidation of pyrite, and desulfurization reactions. The dissolution of evaporite minerals such as halite and gypsum contributes to the presence of Na+, Cl−, and SO42−, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ mainly come from the dissolution of minerals like calcite, gypsum, dolomite, and silicate. The presence of NO3− is attributed to anthropogenic influences. The hydrogeochemical modeling indicates a strong dissolution tendency for halite and propensity for dissolution for gypsum, calcite, and dolomite. Additionally, pyrite oxidation and cation exchange processes occur from recharge to discharge zones.

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Hydrochemical Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Quaternary Groundwater in Baoshan Basin, Western Yunnan, China

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Applying Multivariate Analysis and Machine Learning Approaches to Evaluating Groundwater Quality on the Kairouan Plain, Tunisia

Applying Multivariate Analysis and Machine Learning Approaches to Evaluating Groundwater Quality on the Kairouan Plain, Tunisia

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Quality Evaluation of Groundwater in Jinta Basin, Northwest China

Deciphering Hydrochemical Characteristics and Formation mechanism of Groundwater in the Banggou Iron Mine Area, Peru

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