Hydrochemical Evaluation of the Tigris River from Mosul to South of Baghdad Cities, Iraq

Abstract

Aims of this Study: To investigate the climate change{effects in Iraq on the quality and quantity of the water of the Tigris River from {Mosul” city to South of Baghdad city.00 This paper provides a review of the observed and the predicted impacts of climate change on the water quality in the Tigris River in Iraq.
 Study Design: Cross-Sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study area is starting {from Mosul city which is located in {the north part of Iraq to the Al-Azziziyah city located in the south of Baghdad (2005-2012) .
 Methodology: The current study was include the available historical data which are the discharge and hydrochemical analysis includes (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4, HCO3, TDS,NO3, and EC) were taken from 6 stations along the Tigris’ River from Mosul to the south of Baghdad’ cities for the years 2005 to 20112. The available historical climate data’ includes (Rainfall and Temperature) for the period 1990-2012. In this paper also, used some of pervious studies and compared them with the current results.
 Results: The average annual flow of the Tigris River in Mosul station for the period (1990-2012) ranged between’ (193.8-906) m3/sec and for Sammarra station ranged between’ (366-977) m3/sec. Then, between south of Sammarra’city and north of Baghdad city, Canal of Dijla’joins the Tigris River has a discharge ranges between’ (9-217) m3/sec. After that, the ’Tigris River inter to Baghdad city, the discharge value range between’ (392-1173) m3/sec’and continue his flow to the south of Baghdad city and Diyala River joins it with discharge’range between (55-193) m3/sec. Finally, the Tigris River reaches to’Al-Azizziyah city station with’discharge ranges between (134-769) m3/sec.
 Conclusion: In general the water quality of the Tigris River are sulfates, calcium, and magnesium. But in Canal of Dijla the most dominant ion is sodium due to agricultural activities and geology of the area consist of gypsum rocks and this can be effects on water quality of Tigris River in the next station (Baghdad). In Al-Azizziyah city the sulfates, calcium, and Sodium is high level due to drainage from irrigation, industrial“and domestic activities.

Modeling Surface Runoff in Al-Mohammadi Valley: Influence of Climate and Soil Parameters

“…The summers in Iraq are hot and humid, with highs of 50℃ and 150-200 mm of precipitation on average annually. As one moves further south, the average annual precipitation decreases to less than 50 mm, and the climate becomes increasingly arid [3]. Through its effects on the elements of the hydrological cycle, climate change has the potential to significantly affect water resources.…”

Applying HEC-RAS Software to Propose a Dam Site Along the Tigris River Between Mosul and Tikrit, Iraq

“…The HEC-RAS model is essential to show the change in the water level that varies from one site to another depending on Manning roughness coefficient 'n' that varies with the stream bed bathymetry, topography and morphology, and it can provide information on various water depths, velocities, and surface water elevations. In other words, it can be a tool for monitoring water levels for the future and as achieve the water levels under drought conditions [6]. This study deals with the hydraulic evaluation of the Tigris River by applying the HEC-RAS model of Tigris River between Mosul and Tikrit site.…”