Hydrochemical framework of the aquifer in and around East Kolkata Wetlands, West Bengal, India

Sahu, Paulami; Sikdar, P. K.

doi:10.1007/s00254-007-1034-x

Cited by 405 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The implication of this in the context of the present study is that if the wastewater contains heavy metals, a part of those metals may travel towards Kolkata's well intakes. This is in agreement with the works of Ghosh et al (2001), Sikdar et al (2002), Sikdar and Bhattacharya (2003) and Sahu and Sikdar (2007) who reported the presence of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead and copper in groundwater of both shallow and deep aquifers of the wetland area and Kolkata city. Therefore, surface water and groundwater interaction should be minimized in and around wetland areas by regulating tubewell operation time, introducing treated surface water supply system and artificially recharging the wetland aquifer by roof top rainwater harvesting in high-rise building and in nearby heavy water consuming industries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Absence of sodium dominated hydrochemical facies indicates medium flushing of the aquifer by freshwater. Hence, ion exchange of sodium in clay for calcium and magnesium in water by circulating water in the area is limited (Sahu and Sikdar, 2007). Sikdar and Dasgupta (1997), Mitra and Gupta (2000), Ghosh et al (2001) and Sikdar and Bhattacharya (2003) reported the presence of arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and copper in groundwater of Kolkata city and ECW.…”

Section: Groundwater Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourth degree trend surface map of premonsoon, 2005 (Fig. 2) indicates that the regional flow of groundwater within the area is from east to west and is controlled by a groundwater trough defined by the 13.7 m below mean sea level contour near south-central Kolkata (Sahu and Sikdar, 2007). Therefore, any leakage of contaminated water from ECW and Dhapa solid waste dumping ground may pollute Kolkata's aquifer.…”

Section: Groundwater Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding wetland sub-surface hydrology using geologic and isotopic signatures

Sikdar

Sahu

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper attempts to utilize hydrogeology and isotope composition of groundwater to understand the present hydrological processes prevalent in a freshwater wetland, source of wetland groundwater, surface water/groundwater interaction and mixing of groundwater of various depth zones in the aquifer. This study considers East Calcutta Wetlands (ECW) -a freshwater peri-urban inland wetland ecosystem located at the lower part of the deltaic alluvial plain of South Bengal Basin and east of Kolkata city. This wetland is well known over the world for its resource recovery systems, developed by local people through ages, using wastewater of the city. Geological investigations reveal that the sub-surface geology is completely blanketed by the Quaternary sediments comprising a succession of silty clay, sand of various grades and sand mixed with occasional gravels and thin intercalations of silty clay. At few places the top silty clay layer is absent due to scouring action of past channels. In these areas sand is present throughout the geological column and the areas are vulnerable to groundwater pollution. Groundwater mainly flows from east to west and is being over-extracted to the tune of 65×10 3 m 3 /day. δ 18 O and δD values of shallow and deep groundwater are similar indicating resemblance in hydrostratigraphy and climate of the recharge areas. Groundwater originates mainly from monsoonal rain with some evaporation prior to or during infiltration and partly from bottom of ponds, canals and infiltration of groundwater withdrawn for irrigation. Relatively high tritium content of the shallow groundwater indicates local recharge, while the deep groundwater with very low tritium is recharged mainly from distant areas. At places the deep aquifer has relatively high tritium, indicating mix-ing of groundwater of shallow and deep aquifers. Metals such as copper, lead, arsenic, cadmium, aluminium, nickel and chromium are also present in groundwater of various depths. Therefore, aquifers of wetland and surrounding urban areas which are heavily dependent on groundwater are vulnerable to pollution. In the area south of ECW isotope data indicates no interaction between shallow and deep aquifer and hence this area may be a better location to treat sewage water than within ECW. To reduce the threat of pollution in ECW's aquifer, surface water-groundwater interaction should be minimized by regulating tubewell operation time, introducing treated surface water supply system and artificial recharging of the aquifer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Groundwater Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Groundwater Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding wetland sub-surface hydrology using geologic and isotopic signatures

Sikdar

Sahu

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…WQI is defined as a rating that reflects the composite influence of different water quality parameters (Sahu and Sikdar 2008). WQI is calculated from the point of view of the suitability of surface and/or groundwater for human consumption.…”

Section: Water Quality Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality index to determine the surface water quality of Sankey tank and Mallathahalli lake, Bangalore urban district, Karnataka, India

2013

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“…WQI is a mathematical instrument used to transform large quantities of water quality data into a single number, which represents the water quality level (Saeedi et al 2010). It is useful to identify the suitable location of GW resources in a particular region.WQI is generally calculated from the point of view of the suitability of GW for human consumption (Sikdar et al 2007). It provides information to the citizens and policy makers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Industrial Areas of Delhi, India by Indexing Method

Mandal¹,

Kumar²

2012

Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment

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Hydrochemical framework of the aquifer in and around East Kolkata Wetlands, West Bengal, India

Cited by 405 publications

References 6 publications

Understanding wetland sub-surface hydrology using geologic and isotopic signatures

Understanding wetland sub-surface hydrology using geologic and isotopic signatures

Water quality index to determine the surface water quality of Sankey tank and Mallathahalli lake, Bangalore urban district, Karnataka, India

Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Industrial Areas of Delhi, India by Indexing Method

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