Hydrochemical study of the Caldas Novas Thermal Complex (GO), Brazil

Abstract

The city of Caldas Novas, State of Goiás, Brazil, holds the largest thermal water complex in the planet not associated to with volcanism or other kinds of magmatism. Its structural control allows the fractures to be wide and deep enough so the waters can reach 1000 m depth. These waters are extracted mainly by deep wells, from the exploitation of the Paranoá and Araxá Aquifer Systems, emerging at temperatures higher than 59 °C. With a growing demand for water resources, groundwater exploration became an attractive alternative for public supply, due to its abundance, quality and low abstraction cost. In Caldas Novas, due to the population growth over the last decades and the increasing number of tourists, a disordered groundwater consumption drawdown the water levels. In order to survive, these reservoirs depend on rainwater infiltration rates to replenish the thermal springs; however, the lack of environmental management and the high risk of contamination, due to the unconsolidated materials thinness, may threaten the thermal aquifer. This study was based on the hydrochemical characterization of Caldas Novas Thermal Complex waters, including radioactive parameters, whose descriptions in the literature are still scarce. Besides, concerning the prospective increase on touristic activities, physicochemical water analyses are periodically required, being this paper a contribution for such purpose.

Identification, Characterization Enzymatic Antagonist Activity and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Bacteria Isolated From Brazilian Thermal Aquifer / Identificação, Caracterização Enzimática, Atividade Antagonista E Perfil De Resistência a Antimicrobianos De Bactérias Termotolerantes Isoladas Em Aquífero Termal Brasileiro

“…The water temperature in the artesian wells selected for this study varied from 41 to 54ºC with pH values from 6.0 to 7.0 (Table 1). The groundwater in the Caldas Novas region has low mineralization, temperatures in the range of 40 to 54ºC, and depth more than 600 meters (Campos and Cunha, 2015;Lunardi and Bonotto, 2018). In these conditions, biodiversity can be reduced, since the organisms that inhabit this niche need to deal with high temperatures and low availability of nutritional compounds, due to the depth of the groundwater.…”

“…The city of Caldas Novas located in the state of Goiás, Midwest of Brazil, holds the largest thermal underground water complex on the planet not associated with volcanism or another magmatism-related phenomenon. The hydrothermalism of this aquifer is exclusively by geothermal gradient and it has low mineralization due to the rocky composition of the groups Araxá and Paranoá that form these aquifer system (Andrade and Almeida, 2012;Campos and Cunha, 2015;Lunardi and Bonotto, 2018).…”