Hydrochemistry Characteristics and Water
Quality Assessment for Irrigation along
the Second Songhua River in the South
of the Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Sun, Xiaoqing; Bian, Jianmin; Zhang, Chunpeng; Wang, Yu; Wan, Hanli; Jiang, Zhuo

doi:10.15244/pjoes/103029

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Surface water irrigation is an important source of groundwater recharge. The amount of irrigation infiltration increases with the expansion of irrigation area, mainly in paddy fields (Wu et al 2015;Sun et al 2019). As the taste and quality of rice in Northeast China have been favored by Chinese people, the area of paddy fields in the Songnen Plain has increased substantially due to the economic benefits of rice production.…”

Section: Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in groundwater resources and their influencing factors in Songnen Plain, China

Liu,

Guo,

Wang

et al. 2023

Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering

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The Songnen Plain is a crucial agricultural area in China, and in the past 20 years, a large number of dry fields have been developed into paddy fields in order to improve land output efficiency. As a result, the effective irrigation area of agriculture has increased annually, and the conversion mode and quantity between surface water and groundwater have changed considerably. It is essential to identify the changes in groundwater resources and their influencing factors for the sustainable development of economy and society. This study evaluates groundwater resources in the Songnen Plain using the water balance method based on meteorological, hydrological and groundwater monitoring data from 2000 to 2020. The results show that the groundwater resources in the region amount to 15.945 billion m 3 with precipitation infiltration being the most important component, accounting for 73.09%, which is followed surface water irrigation infiltration and river and ditch infiltration, constituting 14.55% and 10.32%, respectively. Different factors influence groundwater resources in different periods. Compared to 1985, the increase of surface water irrigation infiltration is the primary factor responsible for the increase of groundwater resources, while other recharge sources have decreased during the same period. Compared to 2005, all groundwater resources have increased, with the increase of surface water irrigation infiltration and river channel infiltration being the primary factors.

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Section: Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in groundwater resources and their influencing factors in Songnen Plain, China

Liu,

Guo,

Wang

et al. 2023

Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering

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“…A user-friendly code in Mathematica was developed for performing the graph theory analysis. The details about the multivariate statistical analysis and graph theory can be found elsewhere [28][29][30].…”

Section: Characterization and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-Ray Modified Polymer/Clay Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Formulation Optimization Using Multivariate Calculus and Graph Theory

Bakhsh

2021

Energies

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To enhance the oxidation strength and crosslinking yield of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), its composites were prepared by mixing 1%, 2%, and 3% (by wt.) of magnesium silicate hydrous (sepiolite) during this study. These composites were irradiated with 25 kGy and 50 kGy of irradiation doses in the open air. Subsequent to irradiation, the composites were characterized for updates in structure, oxidation strength, and degree of crosslinking while estimating the values of oxidation index (OI), crosslink density (Gx), and percent crystallinity (Xc), respectively. The reaction of modified sepiolite (SP) on irradiating UHMWPE/SP composites was evident from the origination of peaks at Si-O, O-Si-O, Si-O-Si, and Mg-OH and stretching vibration at 974 cm−1, 1014 cm−1, and 1080 cm−1, respectively. In addition, the moderate negative correlation of OI (−0.46) and strong positive correlation of Gx (0.87) with the absorbed dose, made obvious from correlation analysis, confirmed the effectiveness of SP in enhancing the oxidation strength and crosslink density of UHMWPE. Furthermore, cluster analysis (CA) grouped the composites as low, moderate, and best based on dissimilarities, i.e., oxidation strength and crosslink density, which was further confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA also revealed that the OI, Gx, and absorbed dose were the active variables for this best group. After confirming the effectiveness of SP (as an active filler for enhancing the oxidation strength and crosslink density of UHMWPE) and recognizing the OI, Gx, and absorbed dose as active variables, the next step was to determine the necessary minimum amount of SP concentration and radiation dose required for the composite that outperforms all others. For this, a parametric graph theory and matrix approach was employed to rank the composites of the best group, revealing that the UHMWPE/SP composite with 1% (by wt.) of Si12O30Mg8(OH)4(H2O)4·8H2O and irradiated with 50 kGy of irradiation dose was the most suitable choice of all existing alternatives tested in this study. Although this is the first attempt, to the best of our knowledge, where a smart approach using multivariate calculus and decision-making tools was utilized for figuring the best UHMWPE composite formulation along with appropriate treatment dose, the results and methodology could be extended for any polymer of industrial scale, such as those used in medical implants, defense armor, bulletproof jackets, etc.

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“…1). Located in the temperate continental semi-humid monsoon climate of the northern hemisphere, Lianhua Mountain has four distinct seasons [16].…”

Section: Study Area Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality Using the Water Quality Index (WQI), the Synthetic Pollution Index (SPI) and Geospatial Tools in Lianhuashan District, China

Tian¹,

Liang²,

Sun³

et al. 2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Due to the impact of human agricultural production and climate and environmental changes, the applicability of groundwater for drinking purposes has attracted widespread attention. In order to quantify the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Lianhuashan and evaluate its suitability for assessing water for drinking purposes, 71 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. The results show that groundwater in aquifers in the study area is weakly alkaline. The abundance is in the order HCO 3->Cl->SO 4 2for anions, and Ca 2+ >Na + >Mg 2+ for cations. Groundwater chemical types were dominated by HCO 3-Ca, HCO 3-Ca• Mg, and HCO 3-Ca • Na. The Factor analysis, and PCA analysis show that ion exchange, and rock weathering are the main reasons affecting the water chemical composition in Lianhuashan. The analysis of water samples based on the WQI model revealed that about 69.09%, 25.45%, 1.81%, and 3.63% of the water samples were excellent, good, very poor, and unsuitable for drinking purposes, respectively. The analysis of water samples based on the SPI model showed that 18.30%, 66.19%, 7.04%, and 8.45% of the water samples were suitable, slightly polluted, moderately polluted, and highly polluted, respectively. The spatial distribution maps of the water quality index and the synthetic pollution index show that most of the groundwater resources in the study area are clean and suitable for drinking, despite the risks in the north and southwest of the study area.

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Hydrochemistry Characteristics and Water Quality Assessment for Irrigation along the Second Songhua River in the South of the Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Changes in groundwater resources and their influencing factors in Songnen Plain, China

Changes in groundwater resources and their influencing factors in Songnen Plain, China

Gamma-Ray Modified Polymer/Clay Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Formulation Optimization Using Multivariate Calculus and Graph Theory

Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality Using the Water Quality Index (WQI), the Synthetic Pollution Index (SPI) and Geospatial Tools in Lianhuashan District, China

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