Hydrochemistry of shallow groundwater and its assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes in Tarmiah district, Baghdad governorate, Iraq

Ismail, Alhassan H.; Hassan, Ghanim; Sarhan, Abdul-Hadi

doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100300

Cited by 43 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Tables 3 and 4 NO 3 -showed correlation with EC in the dry season, but no correlation was observed in the wet season (Table 3 and Figure 11a), due to dilution of groundwaters during the rainwater recharge. NO 3 presented a positive correlation with Clin the dry season and wet season (Tables 3 and 4, Figure 7b), suggesting that both elements are being simultaneously added to groundwater, from domestic sewer sources (Ismail et al, 2020;Reddy, 2013). Although the nitrate values do not reach the potability standards in most of the samples and chloride seems to show low concentration values, the correlation between chloride and nitrate is signi cant.…”

Section: Correlations and Bi-variate Plots Between Inorganic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 95%

Caffeine as a Pollution Marker for Shallow Groundwaters in a Peri-Urban Area of Campinas / São Paulo – Brazil

Rupias

Pereira

Abreu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The presence of emerging contaminants, including caffeine, in groundwater can represent an anthropogenic contamination that can impact human health. The present research aims to use caffeine as a wastewater pollution marker of shallow groundwaters in the peri-urban area of Campinas/SP. For a better evaluation of caffeine as an anthropogenic marker, more conventional markers were also analyzed, such as Cl-, NO3-, K+, B, NH4+, NO2- and DOC, and physicochemical parameters such as pH, Eh and EC. Two samplings campaign were done, the first in April (wet season) and the second in August 2019 (dry season), where 18 domestic wells, one sample from the river and one sample from an abandoned meander were selected points to collect water for physicochemical analysis. Nine wells and an abandoned meander waters were selected for the analysis of caffeine. Results show correlations between NO3- and Cl- indicating apport of domestic septic tanks sewage in groundwater. Caffeine, however, was detected in three samples and quantified in one during the wet season and was detected in two samples and quantified in one during the dry season. In the area, caffeine and nitrate have opposite behavior due to reducing conditions of the environment. The study area is rich in dissolved organic carbon, so the conditions for caffeine conservation are not ideal, because it degrades rapidly in groundwaters rich in bacteria and organic matter. Even in this scenario, caffeine was detected in groundwater in the study area, providing unambiguous evidence of anthropogenic pollution of the phreatic aquifer.

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Section: Correlations and Bi-variate Plots Between Inorganic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 95%

Caffeine as a Pollution Marker for Shallow Groundwaters in a Peri-Urban Area of Campinas / São Paulo – Brazil

Rupias

Pereira

Abreu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The impact of anthropogenic and geogenic factors on hydrochemistry has been effectively assessed utilizing multivariate statistical analysis and traditional chemical approaches (Piper, Gibbs and Chadha diagrams, etc. ), signifying the increasing application and popularity of statistical approaches in groundwater pollution studies (Liu et al 2017;Bouteraa et al 2019;Ismail et al 2020;Ighalo and Adeniyi, 2020).…”

Section: ; Ola Soye Et Al 2013)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and hydrochemical assessment of groundwater in geological transition zones: a case study from N.E. Nigeria

Lawal

Tijani

Snow

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Sustainable management of groundwater resources in geological transition zones is essential due to their complex geology, increasing population, industrialization and climate change. Groundwater quality monitoring and assessment represents a viable panacea to this problem. Therefore, there is a great need to investigate groundwater resources in terms of their chemistry and pollution, to ascertain their quality and implement robust pollution abatement strategies. This study focused on the characterisation of groundwater in a typical geological transition zone in Northeastern Nigeria.Eighty-seven (87) groundwater samples were collected. pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in-situ using a multiparameter probe, while major cations and anions were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and ion chromatography, respectively. TDS ranged between 95 and 1,154 mg L − 1 in basement terrains and between 49 − 1,105 in sedimentary areas. pH ranged between 6.8 and 7.7 mg L − 1 in basement terrains and between 5.0 and 6.5 in sedimentary areas, suggesting a moderately acidic to alkaline low mineralized groundwater. Calcium (2.6-128.0 mg L − 1 ) was the dominant cation in the basement areas, suggesting silicate weathering/dissolution, while sodium (1.9-106.0 mg L − 1 ) dominated the sedimentary zones due to base exchange reactions. The water quality index revealed that the basement setting was predominated by poor to unsuitable groundwater, while the sedimentary terrain was characterised by potable groundwater.The dominant hydrochemical facie in the basement areas was Ca 2+ -(Mg 2+ )-HCO 3 − characteristic of recharge meteoric water. The Na + -(K + )-HCO 3 − facie characterised the sedimentary zones, indicative of cation exchange reactions, while the mixed water facie typi es the geological contact zones. The shallow nature of the basement groundwaters makes them more susceptible to geogenic and anthropogenic pollution compared to the sandstone aquifers. However, the basement aquifers have better irrigation indices (Kelly ratio and Soluble sodium percent) as compared to the sandstone aquifers which exhibits poor Kelly ratios (< 1) and Soluble sodium percent (> 50) ratings.

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“…The basis of dissolved ionic substances and the processes for the evolution of groundwater are revealed by the graphical procedure as an interface of TDS versus Cl/(Cl + HCO 3 ) and Na/(Na + Ca) ratios [21,61,62]. Precipitation is the preliminary process since the chemical compositions of aquifers are affected by the volume of suspended salts/ions generated by precipitation [21,[61][62][63][64]. Naturally, the volume of precipitation is consistently high surpassing the low quantity of dissolved elements resulting from the rock mineral.…”

Section: Groundwater Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality reassessment using water quality indices and hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Basement Complex section of Kaduna Basin, NW Nigeria

2020

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Water quality indices allow for defining the acceptable limits for water usage. This paper evaluates the suitability of water for industrial and domestic uses. Hydrogeochemical data were derived from previous studies and exposed to an internal consistency test. Groundwater was classified using physicochemical parameters and water quality indices. Multivariate analysis (factor and clustering analyses) was applied to identify the sources of ions and classify groundwater. Similarly, regression analysis was used to model the hydrochemistry of the study area. Results indicated groundwater of varying quality based on hardness, TDS, EC, chloride, and nitrate. Groundwater classification based on the Chadha diagram revealed a Na-HCO 3 water type in the Kudenda-Nassarawa area. Kaduna South and Kakuri and its Environs have a Ca-Mg-Cl water type. Calcium, Mg, Na, and TDS constituted the major elements influencing the hydrochemistry of groundwater based on regression analysis. Factor analysis showed that aquifers are strongly influenced by rock weathering. Also, cluster analysis revealed different types of water sources based on their hydrogeochemical characteristics. The results of multivariate analysis concurred with Gibb's model. However, groundwater is unsuitable for industrial use since it is undersaturated with calcium carbonate. Thus, water treatment is required to avoid serious corrosion.

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Hydrochemistry of shallow groundwater and its assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes in Tarmiah district, Baghdad governorate, Iraq

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Caffeine as a Pollution Marker for Shallow Groundwaters in a Peri-Urban Area of Campinas / São Paulo – Brazil

Caffeine as a Pollution Marker for Shallow Groundwaters in a Peri-Urban Area of Campinas / São Paulo – Brazil

Quality and hydrochemical assessment of groundwater in geological transition zones: a case study from N.E. Nigeria

Quality reassessment using water quality indices and hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Basement Complex section of Kaduna Basin, NW Nigeria

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