Hydrochemistry of the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River system: weathering processes and CO2 consumption

Jiang, Liguang; Yao, Zhijun; Wang, Rui; Liu, Zhaofei; Wang, Lei; Wu, Shanshan

doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4237-6

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…is implied that WD variations can be better explained by high-temperature indices over the upper reach of the YZRB, which coincided with the common sense that the high temperature extremes determine the hydrological regime of the upper reach of the YZRB characterizing less rainfall but abundant snow and glaciers [5,36]. erefore, melting water from snowing, snow cover, glaciers, and frozen soils predominated WD of this region [15,37], and high temperatures played an important role in alpine basins (Deng et al [6] and Liu et al [19]). At the interannual scale, TXm most closely correlated with annual WD with a correlation coefficient of 0.54, followed by TMx and then TXx.…”

Section: Multiscale Impacts Of Climate Change On Wdsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…e stream discharge in the upper reach of the YZRB comes primarily from melting water of glaciers, snow, and frozen soils. erefore, climate change poses a significant impact on water resource partitioning of middle streams and downstreams of this region [15]. In the context of global warming, studies of climate change impacts on WD fluctuations in the upper reach of the YZRB are of both practical and scientific significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results and discussion as well as some uncertainty analyses are given in Section 4, followed by the conclusion being presented in Section 5 at the end. Figure 1, the upper reach of the YZRB was defined as the drainage area controlled by the Lazi hydrological station [15], geographically located between 82°00′-87°36′E and 28°46′-31°03′N. e total area of the upper reach of the YZRB is approximately 50,134 km 2 , accounting for 19.5 percent of the YZRB in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate Changes and Associated Multiscale Impacts on Watershed Discharge over the Upper Reach of Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China

Liu

Zhang

2018

Advances in Meteorology

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Watershed discharge (WD) in the alpine regions, such as the upper reach of Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB), China, could have changed severely in response to climate changes. Yet, how hydrometeorological variables varied at different time scales and how WD varied in response to hydrometeorological variables in the alpine regions remained questions to be answered. The ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method was employed in this study to investigate the nonlinear climate change trends (averaged and extreme states) and the associated multiscale impacts on WD variations over the upper reach of the YZRB during 1961–2009. All investigated hydroclimatic variables, i.e., precipitation, temperature, and WD, were found to be varied nonlinearly with clear multiscale oscillations characterizing great differences in the oscillation periods, corresponding significance levels, and variance contribution rates, among which precipitation posed a weak impact on WD variations, while temperature played a significant role in WD fluctuations. Furthermore, among all temperature extremes, the dominant index affecting WD variations was TXm (annual mean of the daily maximum temperature) but not TXx (annual maximum of the daily maximum temperature) at both interannual and interdecadal scales, which might be caused by that TXx increased evapotranspiration and reduced WD. A significant correlation between temperature (both averaged and partial extreme states) and annual WD at both interannual and interdecadal scales indicated that a synchronous change existed between them. The present study provided first insight into how hydrometeorological variables varied at different time scales and how WD fluctuated in response to hydrometeorological variables over the upper reach of the YZRB, China.

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Section: Multiscale Impacts Of Climate Change On Wdsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate Changes and Associated Multiscale Impacts on Watershed Discharge over the Upper Reach of Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China

Liu

Zhang

2018

Advances in Meteorology

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“…In terms of TDS values, rivers in the Naqu River basin showed relatively high values (271 ± 138 mg/L) compared to the global mean of 120 mg/L [45,46]. The average TDS value in the whole catchment was similar to the middle and upper segments of the Yarlung Tsangpo draining the Himalayas (~269 mg/L), but lower than that of the Upper Yangze (~778 mg/L), upper Huang He (Yellow) (~394 mg/L), and Upper Mekong (~302 mg/L) rivers [16,17,47,48]. In most water samples, the total cation charge (TZ + = Na + + K + + 2Mg 2+ + 2Ca 2+ ) balanced the total anion charge (…”

Section: Major Elementsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…These results indicated the predominance of rock weathering. Rock weathering also dominates the hydrochemical characteristics of the Upper Mekong, Yarlung Tsangpo, and Upper Huang He [17,47,48]. Evaporation-crystallization has an important impact on the Upper Yangtze [16].…”

Section: Mechanisms Controlling the Surface Water Chemistry Of The Namentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemistry and Its Controlling Factors of Rivers in the Source Region of the Nujiang River on the Tibetan Plateau

Wang

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2019

Water

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The chemical composition of river water collected from the main stream of the Naqu and its tributaries was analyzed to reveal its hydrochemical characteristics and to evaluate the water quality for irrigation purposes. Based on 39 samples, the results revealed mildly alkaline pH values and total dissolved solids (TDS) values ranging from 115 to 676 mg/L, averaging 271 mg/L. Major ion concentrations based on mean values (mg/L) were in the order of Ca 2+ > Na + > Mg 2+ > K + for cations and HCO − 3 > SO 2− 4 > Cl − > CO 2− 3 for anions. Most hydrochemical types were of the Ca-HCO 3 (~74.36%) type. Cluster analysis (CA) suggested that the hydrochemical characteristics upstream of the main stream of the Naqu were obviously different from those from the middle and downstream of the main stream and its tributaries. The analysis shows that the Sangqu, Basuoqu, Mumuqu, Zongqingqu, Mugequ basin tributary, and the Gongqu basin tributary were mainly affected by carbonate weathering. Carbonate and silicate weathering commonly controlled the hydrochemistry upstream and downstream of the main Naqu, Chengqu, and Mugequ streams. The middle of the main stream of the Naqu was mainly affected by silicate weathering, and anhydrite/gypsum dissolution mainly affected the hydrochemistry of the main Gongqu stream. The quality of water samples was suitable for irrigation purposes, except for one sample from the main stream of the Mugequ.

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Chemical weathering and carbon dioxide consumption in a small tropical river catchment, southwestern India

et al. 2021

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Studies done on small tropical west-flowing river catchments located in the Western Ghats in southwestern India have suggested very intense chemical weathering rates and associated CO2 consumption. Very less studies are reported from these catchments notwithstanding their importance as potential sinks of atmospheric CO2 at the global scale. A total of 156 samples were collected from a small river catchment in the southwestern India, the Payaswini–Chandragiri river Basin, during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in 2016 and 2017, respectively. This river system comprises two small rivers originating at an elevation of 1350 m in the Western Ghats in peninsular India. The catchment area is dominated by biotite sillimanite gneiss. Sodium is the dominant cation, contributing ~ 50% of the total cations, whereas HCO3− contributes ~ 75% of total anions. The average anion concentration in the samples varied in the range HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3− > F−, whereas major cation concentration varied in the range Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. The average silicate weathering rate (SWR) was 42 t km−2 y−1 in the year 2016 and 36 t km−2 y−1 in 2017. The average annual carbon dioxide consumption rate (CCR) due to silicate rock weathering was 9.6 × 105 mol km−2y−1 and 8.3 × 105 mol km−2 y−1 for 2016 and 2017, respectively. The CCR in the study area is higher than other large tropical river catchments like Amazon, Congo-Zaire, Orinoco, Parana and Indus because of its unique topography, hot and humid climate and intense rainfall.

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Hydrochemistry of the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River system: weathering processes and CO2 consumption

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Climate Changes and Associated Multiscale Impacts on Watershed Discharge over the Upper Reach of Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China

Climate Changes and Associated Multiscale Impacts on Watershed Discharge over the Upper Reach of Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China

Hydrochemistry and Its Controlling Factors of Rivers in the Source Region of the Nujiang River on the Tibetan Plateau

Chemical weathering and carbon dioxide consumption in a small tropical river catchment, southwestern India

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