Hydrochemistry of tropical springs using multivariate statistical analysis in Ithikkara and Kallada river basins, Kerala, India

Nair, Hema C.; Joseph, Ammini; Gopinathan, Vinod Padmakumari

doi:10.1007/s40899-020-00363-1

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The low loading of pH indicates water is slightly acidic. The opposing loadings of SO 4 and HCO 3 could be clarified by the chemical reduction of SO 4 to H 2 S while HCO 3 is increased (Nair et al., 2020). In the same season, PC2 explained 51.4% of variance and has satisfied positive loadings on Na + , Ca 2+ ,Cl − , EC, and TDS and PC3 explained strong to moderate negative loadings on Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Na+, and K + ( Exhibit ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In India, groundwater resources are under menace from pollution either from anthropoid lifestyle exhibited by the poor degree of cleanliness experienced or because of the utilization of manures in cultivation (Ikem et al., 2002). The suitability of groundwater lies on its grade which however is identified by various forms of inherent causes and human induced circumstances together with the worth of recharged water and climatic downpour (Nair et al., 2020; Krishnakumar et al., 2017). The anthropogenic interference in the catchment zones of Kerala can also generate a high burden of pollutants, which is frequently discharged into the native surroundings and eventually poisons groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first principal component (PC1) in pre monsoon season records nearly 28.1% of the total variance and holds immense negative loadings on bicarbonate, sulphate, TH, EC and TDS, and lower positive loadings on pH, Ca 2+ , and Cl − (Exhibit 13).The low loading of pH indicates water is slightly acidic. The opposing loadings of SO 4 and HCO 3 could be clarified by the chemical reduction of SO 4 to H 2 S while HCO 3 is increased(Nair et al, 2020). In the same season, PC2 explained 51.4% of variance and has satisfied positive loadings on Na + , Ca 2+ ,Cl − , EC, and TDS and PC3 explained strong to moderate negative loadings on Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Na+, and K + (Exhibit 14a).…”

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Geospatial distribution of groundwater quality using entropy water quality index and statistical assessment: A study from a tropical climate river basin

Mohan

Krishnakumar

2021

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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A combination of multivariate statistical techniques and an integrated water quality index methodology was adopted to understand the genesis of major ionic composition of groundwater in a tropical river basin of South India. The present study aims to examine the hydrochemical characterisation and drinking suitability of groundwater reserves of Kallada River Basin (KRB), India by collecting samples from 31 wells during pre‐monsoon (May 2019), monsoon (September 2019), and post‐monsoon (February 2020) seasons. The findings were compared with the maximum acceptable limites prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS 2012) and World Health Organization (WHO 2017). The study also highlights the comparison of the present work with the regional and global average cation and anion concentrations. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted three factors and the obtained results shows that Cl−, TDS, Na+, and Ca2+ ions contribute towards the moderate pollution load in groundwater. The increased population around the river basin indicates the unhygienic practices in the area and hence eco‐friendly authority steps/actions should be taken to enhance the groundwater quality of the basin. The findings of this study outlines the desire for groundwater research with a further marked focus on upgrading the quantity and quality of groundwater reserves on a global scale.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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