Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Study of Rare Earth Elements from Moroccan Phosphate

Amine, Marouane; Asafar, Fatima; Bilali, L.; Nadifiyine, M.

doi:10.1155/2019/4675276

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Various mineral acids, including H 2 SO 4 [9][10][11], HNO 3 [12,13], HCl [9,14], and H 3 PO 4 [13,15,16], are used in the decomposition process of phosphate rock to recover phosphorous and REEs. In the H 2 SO 4 leaching process, 75% of REEs are lost in phosphogypsum, whereas more than 80% of REEs can be leached in HNO 3 and HCl processes [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Phosphoric Acid from Phosphate Rock

Xie

Deng

et al. 2021

Metals

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Phosphate rock has been considered as one of the most significant secondary rare-earth resource, and the utilization of rare earth elements (REEs) in phosphate rock has attracted increasing attention. In this study, the leaching kinetics of REEs from a phosphate ore from China was studied with the variation of temperature and phosphoric acid concentration under the conditions: ratio of liquid to solid of 12 mL/g, stirring speed of 120 r/min, and phosphate particle size of −0.074 mm amounts 61.1%. The results suggest that there were two distinct stages in leaching process and kinetics of both stages followed shrinking core model. At fast reaction stage, the semi-empirical equation describing the kinetics was 1 − 3(1 − α)2/3 + 2(1 − α) = 1.885CH3PO40.89exp(−11220/8.31T)t. The semi-empirical equation for slow reaction stage was 1 − 3(1 − α)2/3 + 2(1 − α) = 0.299CH3PO42.50exp(−18720/8.31T)t. Using shrinking core model and time-to-a-given-fraction method, we found that leaching rate of fast reaction stage was controlled by solid product layer diffusion, and both solid product layer diffusion and chemical reaction determined slow reaction stage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Phosphoric Acid from Phosphate Rock

Xie

Deng

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…Fluorapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F 2 ) is the most stable compound of natural phosphate. The general properties of this ore and the structure of the fluorapatite have been described in previous works (Bilali, Benchanaa, Outzourhit & Mokhlisse, 2009;M. Amine, Asafar, Bilali & Nadifiyine, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Optimization of Nitric Acid Leaching of Rare Earth Elements From Moroccan Natural Phosphate

Amine¹,

Asafar²,

Bilali³

et al. 2020

IJC

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Phosphate is a very important natural resource in Morocco and one of the secondary resources of rare earth elements. Our study is particularly interested in Youssoufia phosphate, which contains 228.77 ppm of rare earth elements (ΣREEs). The purpose of our work is to study the influence of different parameters (acid concentration, solid/liquid ratio and temperature) in order to determine the optimal conditions for the leaching of rare earths. An experimental design (Doehlert matrix) has been drawn up to optimize the experimental conditions of the leaching. All tests were made with nitric acid at different concentrations varying between 1.5M and 4.5M with a solid/liquid ratio of 1/12 to 1/6; reaction temperature and duration are respectively 20°C to 80 °C and 60 min. The optimal conditions are obtained when using 69 °C as temperature, 4.1 M as acid concentration and 1/9 as solid/liquid ratio.

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“…Due to the complexity of the process and equipment corrosion, the method received less attention from the industry [16]. However, research on the use of HCl to recover both phosphorus and REEs has been continued by different research groups [11,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Estonian Phosphate Rock Dissolution in Hydrochloric Acid

Azeez,

Tõnsuaadu,

Kaljuvee

et al. 2024

Minerals

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The kinetics of the dissolution of Estonian phosphate rock and the governing reaction mechanisms in hydrochloric acid in technological processes were investigated. The influences of particle size and acid concentrations of 0.5–1.5 M on the reaction rate and the pH variation during the process were studied at a dosage of 2.1 moles of HCl per mole of calcium for 60 min. The results indicated that the solubility of phosphorus reached 94%–100% for the fine samples and 82%–99% for the coarse samples. The time required to achieve an apparent steady-state pH reduced with the increasing acid concentrations and decreasing particle sizes. It was determined that the CaF2 precipitation in solutions starting at 1 M was faster at higher concentrations. The SEM surface analysis of the insoluble particles proved the existence of etch pit formation. The XPS and EDX analyses affirmed that the dissolution was incongruent. The surface composition of the unreacted particles gave a stoichiometry of CaF1.8, showing the formation of CaF2 on the surface. The dissolution kinetics were analyzed using the shrinking core model and showed a combination of chemical reaction, diffusion or interfacial transfer, and diffusion, sequentially for coarse particles or simultaneously for fine fractions.

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Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Study of Rare Earth Elements from Moroccan Phosphate

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Phosphoric Acid from Phosphate Rock

Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Phosphoric Acid from Phosphate Rock

Optimization of Nitric Acid Leaching of Rare Earth Elements From Moroccan Natural Phosphate

Kinetics of Estonian Phosphate Rock Dissolution in Hydrochloric Acid

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