Hydrocracking of palm oil to jet biofuel over different zeolites

Li, Tao; Cheng, Jun; Huang, Rui; Yang, Weijuan; Zhou, Junhu; Cen, Kefa

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.09.013

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Li et al have investigated using palm oil as a feedstock for jet biofuel production via hydrocracking with different Ni-loaded zeolites. The highest kerosene yield was 42% when using Ni/SAPO-34 under the operating conditions of 390 • C, 3 MPa of H 2 pressure, and an eight-hour reaction time [31]. Other researchers have examined a variety of feed stocks.…”

Section: Reaction and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Bio-Hydrogenated Kerosene from Refined Palm Oil by Catalytic Hydrocracking

2019

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In this work, hydro-processing was used as an alternative route for producing bio-hydrogenated kerosene (BHK) from refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RPO) in the presence of a 0.5 wt% Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. The Box-Behnken Design was used to determine the effects of reaction temperature, H2 pressure, and reaction time in terms of liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) on BHK production. The kerosene selectivity was used as the response for staticial interpretation. The results show that both temperature and LHSV produced significant effects, whereas H2 pressure did not. The optimal conditions were found to be 483 °C, 5.0 MPa, and 1.4 h−1 LHSV; these conditions provided approximately 57.30% kerosene selectivity and a 47.46% yield. The BHK product had a good heating value and flash point. However, the mass percentage of carbon and hydrogen was 99.1%, which is just below the minimum standard (99.5%), according to the carbon loss by the reaction pathway to form as CO and CO2. Water can be produced from the reaction induced by oxygen removal, which results in a high freezing point.

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Section: Reaction and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Bio-Hydrogenated Kerosene from Refined Palm Oil by Catalytic Hydrocracking

2019

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“…The effect of hydrogen pressure was also studied at 250 psi and 500 psi (17 bar and 34 bar). The operating conditions were a molar ratio of H 2 /oil of 316, H 2 flow rate of 35 mL/min, oil flow rate of 0.01 mL/min, and [14] Palm HZSM-5 (1 g) 450 C, atmosphere Fixed bed Kerosene 19.6 0.347 Sang et al [24] Diesel [25] Castor Ni/SAPO-11 300 C, 3 MPa Fixed bed Jet fuel 3.2% 0.064 Liu et al [26] Palm Rh/HZSM-5 (0.01 g) 300 C, 3. reaction temperature of 300 C. Figure 12 shows the conversion, yield of biojet, and yield of BHD obtained at different pressures. The conversion of palm oil was over 90% throughout the experiment performed at both pressures.…”

Section: Effect Of Hydrogen Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 12 ] Therefore, metal catalysts are required to improve the performance of zeolite. [ 13 ] Li et al [ 14 ] reported that the hydrotreatment and catalytic cracking of palm oil provided approximately 65% of the selectivity toward biojet fuel using Ni/SAPO‐34 at 390°C under a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa and a reaction time of 8 hours. Sinha et al [ 15 ] applied a Ni‐W catalyst to convert a mixture of 25% waste soya oil and 75% of gas‐oil at 360°C for 2 hours (4 hours −1 for LHSV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroprocessing of palm oil using Rh/HZSM‐5 for the production of biojet fuel in a fixed bed reactor

2020

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The hydroprocessing of palm oil was performed in a continuous fixed bed reactor to produce biojet fuel. Rh/HZSM-5 was used as catalyst and was characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), NH 3-temperature programmed desorption (NH 3-TPD), and H 2-temperature programmed reduction (H 2-TPR). The effect of operating parameters including reaction temperature, molar ratio, and solvent on the yield of biojet and biodiesel was investigated. The catalyst deactivated rapidly in the solvent-free system due to carbon deposition. The application of 30% heptane in the feed maintained the conversion of palm oil above 90% for 8 hours. At 330 C, the yield of liquid fuel product was slightly less than that obtained at 300 C as more gaseous product was formed. The H 2-to-oil molar ratio of 158 at 300 C was insufficient to maintain the reaction at high conversion. At 300 C and a H 2-to-oil molar ratio of 316, the system was stable for the entire experimental period of 8 hours providing the biojet yield and selectivity of 15.3% and 28.5%, respectively. Although, this system was operated at a relatively low temperature for hydroprocessing, the productivity parameter of 0.60 kg product/Kg cat-h was significantly higher compared to the data provided in the literature.

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“…So, it can be concluded that the combination of the acidity of the catalyst and the accessibility of acid sites is an essential factor in the catalyst activity [54] towards the conversion of triglycerides in coconut oil. [55], paraffin is formed through decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions. Fig.…”

Section: Hydrocracking Of Coconut Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocracking of Coconut Oil on the NiO/Silica-Rich Zeolite Synthesized Using a Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant

et al. 2020

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NiO/silica-rich zeolite catalysts were used for coconut oil hydrocracking. The catalyst was prepared with a mixture of Na2SiO3, Al(OH)3, NaOH, and quaternary ammonium surfactants. The surfactant was varied of types like as tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The acidity of the silica-rich sodalite zeolites enhances with the increase in nickel oxide added through a wet impregnation. The hydrocracking process was carried out by a semi-batch method. Liquid products were analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that the addition of surfactants increased the catalyst surface area and acidity. Meanwhile, the presence of nickel oxide increases the acidity of the catalyst. The hydrocracking results showed an increase in gas products when the surface area was high, i.e., 23.781% in silica-rich sodalite zeolite without template (Z), 32.68% in silica-rich sodalite zeolite with tetrapropylammonium (ZTPA), and 39.673% in silica-rich sodalite zeolite with cetyltrimethylammonium (ZCTA). The presence of NiO increased the liquid product and the selectivity of the bioavtur fraction (C10-C15), where the highest percentage of liquid product was 60.07% at NiO/ZTPA.

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Hydrocracking of palm oil to jet biofuel over different zeolites

Cited by 59 publications

References 15 publications

Optimization of Bio-Hydrogenated Kerosene from Refined Palm Oil by Catalytic Hydrocracking

Optimization of Bio-Hydrogenated Kerosene from Refined Palm Oil by Catalytic Hydrocracking

Hydroprocessing of palm oil using Rh/HZSM‐5 for the production of biojet fuel in a fixed bed reactor

Hydrocracking of Coconut Oil on the NiO/Silica-Rich Zeolite Synthesized Using a Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant

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