Hydrocracking of vegetable oil on boron-containing catalysts: Effect of the nature and content of a hydrogenation component

Abstract

Catalysts based on metals (Pt, Pd) and metal oxides (NiO, Co 3 O 4 , MoO 3 , WO 3 ), supported on the surface of borate containing aluminum oxide (B 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 ), in the hydrocracking of sunflower oil at a tem perature of 400°C, a pressure 4.0 MPa and a mass hourly space velocity MHSV 5.0 h -1 are compared. H 2 TPR and IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO and ESDR show that the hydrogenation catalyst components are Pt 0 and Pd 0 , a mixture of Ni 2+ + Ni 0 , Co 2+ + Co 0 , or a mixture of the highest and partially reduced oxides of Mo and W. It is established that catalysts containing Pt, Pd, NiO and Co 3 O 4 , ensure complete oil hydrode oxygenation. The main oxygen removal reactions in Pt and Pd systems are decarboxylation and hydrode carbonylation. For catalysts with NiO and Co 3 O 4 , characteristic reactions are reduction and methanation. The highest yield of the diesel fraction was obtained on Pt/B 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 catalysts with metal contents of 0.3-1.0 wt %. Along with n alkanes, the diesel fractions obtained on these catalysts include cycloalkanes and iso alkanes (up to around 40 wt %) and aromatic hydrocarbons present in trace amounts. Hydrocracking on the Pt system at 400°C for 20 h with MHSV of 1.0 h -1 produces a diesel fraction with a yield of at least 82.0 wt % and the content of iso alkanes at least 76.1 wt %.

Highly Selective Bio-hydrocarbon Production using Sidoarjo Mud Based-Catalysts in the Hydrocracking of Waste Palm Cooking Oil

“…Table 2 shows that the impregnation of Ni and Pt metals was successful. Ni metal has a smaller size than Pt metal so that Ni metal can enter more LM pores [35,36].…”