Hydrocracking of Waste Cooking Oil into Biofuel Using Mesoporous Silica from Parangtritis Beach Sand Synthesized with Sonochemistry

Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica from Beach Sand by Sol-Gel Method as a Ni Supported Catalyst for Hydrocracking of Waste Cooking Oil

“…The functional group in silica, as well as the presence and disappearance of the DDA template from silica, was observed and analyzed using Fourier-Transform Infra-Red Spectrometer (FTIR) in combination with the KBr disc technique [8]. Surface Area & Pore Size Analyzer is from Quantachrome NOVA touch.…”

“…The mesoporous silica crystallinity was analyzed using X-ray diffraction analysis, XRD-6000 Shimadzu. Morphology of mesoporous silica was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDX) mapping and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) JEOL JEM-1400 to analyze its pore structure [8]. The acidity of sand, silica, and mesoporous silica were analyzed using gravimetric base adsorption and hydrocracking WCO with a semi-fixed batch hydrocracking reactor.…”

“…The main components of used waste cooking oil are petroselinic acid and palmitic acid, where C18 and C16 of the two fatty acids are cracked into shorter hydrocarbon chains if the oxygen is removed, or vice versa, creating shorter fatty acid chains [8]. In the hydrocracking process, the waste cooking oil is converted into liquid, gas, and coke fractions, as shown in Table 3.…”

Effective Treatment of Industrial Wastewater Contaminated with Mn and Pb using Mesoporous Silica from Yogyakarta Beach

“…Due to its uniqueness, MS can be designed for various applications and uncover development opportunities related to industrial-scale mass production, which has shifted the focus of lab-scale research to the applicable research stage. Nowadays, MS is widely applied in wastewater treatment [3]- [6], air and gas purification [7], [8], catalysts [4,9], [10], food industry [11], and health industry [11]- [15].…”

Transformation of triolein to biogasoline by photo-chemo-biocatalysis

“…13,14 Especially, biogasoline (gasoline-range bio-hydrocarbon) is of great significance due to its high energy density, low viscosity, high stability, shorter ignition delay, and low-pollutant combustion. [15][16][17][18] However, the production of bio-hydrocarbons mainly relies on the hydrodeoxygenation process or thermal cracking of triglycerides (from vegetable oils, animal fats, algae, or other different feedstocks) at temperatures ranging from 250 °C to 450 °C and hydrogen pressure between 10 and 300 bar, [19][20][21][22][23][24] which contradicts the concept of green chemistry advocated now. 25,26 Therefore, finding alternative ways of converting renewable triglycerides into bio-hydrocarbons, especially biogasoline, is highly soughtafter.…”