Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol with Molybdenum‐Carbide‐Based Carbon Catalysts

Abstract

Molybdenum carbide-based carbon materials were investigated as a catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol. Mechanochemical synthesis has been used as a novel approach to obtain a fine molybdenum carbide-based carbon catalysts. Guaiacol was chosen as a bio-oil model compound to estimate the potential of the catalysts. The catalytic tests were carried out at 4 MPa initial hydrogen pressure, 320°C for 180 min in a batch autoclave reactor. Insert abstract text here. A feed mixture was 3.5 g guaiacol in 66.5 g hexadecane as a solvent.

Supported transition metal (Mo, W) carbide and nitride catalysts for lignin hydrodeoxygenation: interplay of supports, structure, and catalysis

“…→ WC, but when melamine was used, the precursor passed through the WC x N y intermediate and was subsequently converted to W 2 C, 58 probably because melamine contains both C and N atoms. In addition, some other methods used non-thermal energy for carburization, such as plasma carburization (PC), 59 mechanochemical method, 17 etc.…”

“…54,55 When the RF polymeric layer was used for the synthesis of W carbide NPs, 45,57 the phase transition went through the pathway WO x ( x ≤ 3) → W → W 2 C → W x C (1 < x < 2) → WC, but when melamine was used, the precursor passed through the WC x N y intermediate and was subsequently converted to W 2 C, 58 probably because melamine contains both C and N atoms. In addition, some other methods used non-thermal energy for carburization, such as plasma carburization (PC), 59 mechanochemical method, 17 etc.…”

“…[7][8][9] There is no doubt that the catalyst plays a key role in catalytic lignin conversion. Some hydrogenation catalysts have attracted attention, including noble metal 10,11 and transition metal catalysts 12,13 and their sulfides, [14][15][16] carbides, 3,17,18 nitrides, [19][20][21] oxides, [22][23][24] phosphides, 25,26 etc. Among them, early transition metal (Mo, W) carbides and nitrides, due to the hybridization of the p-orbital of nitrogen and the d-orbital of the transition metal caused by the insertion of carbon or nitrogen atoms into the lattice, have higher density of states at the Fermi energy close to that of noble metals (group VII).…”

Direct deoxygenation reaction of oxygenated model compounds by biomass pyrolysis on the Ni5P4(001) surface: a computational study

“…9 Therefore, in this study, the guaiacol molecule was also employed to study the DDO reaction because of its higher coking tendency than other phenolic compounds, and also it is a challenging molecule to be totally deoxygenated owing to the co-existence of methoxy and hydroxyl functional groups. 10,11 It is noteworthy to mention that phenol is the OH derivative of benzene and guaiacol is the CH 3 -substituted derivative of phenol, and thereby this variation in molecular structure dictates their different adsorption energetics and reaction kinetics on the Ni 5 P 4 (001) surface.…”

Bifunctional Pt–Re Catalysts in Hydrodeoxygenation of Isoeugenol as a Model Compound for Renewable Jet Fuel Production

“…Catalysts used for HDO of biogenic compounds are often bifunctional, as they require a metal for hydrogenation and a solid acid support or a metal oxide with O-vacancies. , Studies on HDO catalysts were initially performed with sulfided NiMo and CoMo supported on Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 used for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) due to obvious similarities between HDO and HDS . Recently, attention has shifted to non-sulfided monometallic and bimetallic catalysts on a variety of supports, such as different types of carbon (activated carbon, carbon black, Vulcan carbon), Sibunit, metal oxides (TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , CeO 2 ), and nanostructured materials (carbon nanotubes, SBA-15, and MCM-41) . The most studied metals for HDO include Ni, Mo, Co, Pt, Ru, and Pd …”