Hydrodynamic aspects of explosive eruptions of volcanoes: simulation problems

Two-Dimensional Experiment on the Jet Formation during Dispersal of Solid Particles by Shock Wave

“…by a shock or a blast wave. This kind of such physical mechanism is observed during explosions or in nature as volcanic eruptions [1]. The formation of particle jets is also observed when a solid projectile impacts a particle layer [2].…”

Magma degassing during the Plinian eruption of Novarupta, Alaska, 1912

“…As depicted in Figure 4, the entire process may be envisaged by a volume of magma that consists of fully saturated melt, bubbles and surrounding diffusion envelopes [ Kedrinskiy , 2009]. The threshold for the cessation of bubble nucleation can be viewed as the time, τ n , at which the entire melt volume is encompassed by diffusion envelopes [ Toramaru , 1989, 1995; Kedrinskiy , 2009]. Within this conceptual framework, and neglecting bubble coalescence, where t n is the time since the onset of nucleation.…”

“…(a) Schematic representation of the proposed bubble nucleation and growth model [e.g., Kedrinskiy , 2009, Figure 10]. (1) represents the bubble; (2) represents the diffusion envelope that is the part of the melt where volatile concentrations and correspondingly nucleation rates are low; and (3) is the nucleation region.…”

Экспериментальная модель --- роль трещин в механизме взрывного извержения вулкана St. Helens-80

“…Среди последних большой интерес представляют взрыв-ные вулканические извержения. В [1] показано, что неко-торые вулканы взрывного типа могут рассматриваться в качестве сложных гидродинамических систем, вклю-чающих камеру вулкана, канал, герметически закрытый пробкой, и систему трещин-dikes, заполненных магмой под высоким давлением. Предполагается, что подобная система характерна для архитектуры вулкана St. Helens, в которой система камера−канал с физической точки зрения аналогична гидродинамической ударной труб-ке [2,3].…”