Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Idealized Flexible Vegetation under Regular Waves: Experimental Investigations and Analysis

From seasonal field study to surrogate modeling: Investigating the biomechanical dynamics of Elymus sp. in salt marshes

“…Hence, surrogates are oftentimes used to achieve consistent conditions (Augustin et al 2009; Anderson and Smith 2014; van Veelen et al 2020; Keimer et al 2021; Marjoribanks and Paul 2021), and to simplify the morphology of the specimens to replicate ecohydraulic processes (Frostick et al 2014). Previously used surrogates to investigate the interaction of vegetation and flows in salt marshes include wooden cylinders (Ozeren et al 2014; van Veelen et al 2020; Zhao et al 2021; Baker et al 2022; Markov 2023) and different plastic tubes or cylinders (Bouma et al 2005; Anderson and Smith 2014; Ozeren et al 2014; Peruzzo et al 2018; Shirlal et al 2019; Yin et al 2019; van Veelen et al 2020; Keimer et al 2021; Baker et al 2022; Wang et al 2022). Expending the focus to aquatic systems, acrylic glass (Mei et al 2011; Marjoribanks and Paul 2021), different plastics (Bouma et al 2005; Ghisalberti and Nepf 2006; Augustin et al 2009; Wu et al 2011; Paul et al 2012, 2016; Koftis et al 2013; Wu and Cox 2015; Luhar and Nepf 2016; Jacobsen et al 2019; Lei and Nepf 2019; Shirlal et al 2019; Vettori and Nikora 2020; Marjoribanks and Paul 2021; Sukhodolov et al 2021) and wooden materials (Ghisalberti and Nepf 2006; Augustin et al 2009; Wu et al 2011; Hu et al 2014; Houser et al 2015; Lou et al 2018) were used.…”