Hydrodynamic study of plasma amplifiers for soft-x-ray lasers: A transition in hydrodynamic behavior for plasma columns with widths ranging from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>20</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mtext>m</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>to 2 mm

Oliva, Eduardo; Zeitoun, Philippe; Velarde, P.; Fajardo, M.; Cassou, K.; Ros, D.; Sebban, S.; Portillo, David; Pape, S. Le

doi:10.1103/physreve.82.056408

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Oliva et al have shown [33] that a three-level model has good agreement with their experimental data. In their model, they took into account only Doppler broadening, while collisional broadening should also be treated.…”

Section: Pumping and Relaxation Timementioning

confidence: 68%

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Optimum Pump Pulse Duration for X-Ray Ar-Plasma Lasing

Masoudnia

Bleiner

2015

Photonics

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In plasma-driven X-ray lasers, it is critical to optimize the duration and time delay between pump pulses. In this study, we have done parametric simulations in order to systematically investigate the optimum time configuration of pump pulses. Here, we are mainly interested in soft X-ray lasers created using a Ar target irradiated with laser pulses, which operate at a wavelength λ = 46.9 nm in the 2p 5 3p 1 (J = 0) → 2p 5 3s 1 (J = 1) laser transition. It is shown that the optimum time scale required to achieve Ne-like ions, as well as the time required to generate a population inversion depend on the combined effect of the electron temperature and electron density. The electron density and temperature are respectively a factor of ≈2.1-and ≈5-times higher in the case of a short pulse of 0.1 ps in comparison to a long pulse of 1,000 ps (at a constant fluence). The most effective lasing happens with short pulses with a pulse duration comparable to the total relaxation time from the upper level, namely ∆τ p ≤ 35 ps. Power laws to predict the optimum laser intensity to achieve Ne-like Ar +8 are obtained.

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Section: Pumping and Relaxation Timementioning

confidence: 68%

“…The populations of the Ne-like levels are computed in a three-level model [33,34]; Figure 1. Oliva et al have shown [33] that a three-level model has good agreement with their experimental data.…”

Section: Pumping and Relaxation Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Pump Pulse Duration for X-Ray Ar-Plasma Lasing

Masoudnia

Bleiner

2015

Photonics

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“…The hydrodynamic parameters obtained from ARWEN were postprocessed [38,49] to obtain 2D maps of atomic data in the small-signal gain regime, and to determine the saturation fluence. This postprocessing was done with a simple three-level atomic model that computed the gain and saturation fluence on the 2p 5 1/2 3s 1/2 , J D 1 !…”

Section: Model To Obtain 2d Maps Of Atomic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gain reached a maximum value of 61 per cm, to be compared with 60 per cm measured by Wang et al The surface of the gain zone is rather small (cf. [38,49]), due to a very strong plasma expansion along the target surface. This flow induces a fast drop of density and temperature, and thereby a reduction of the collisional pumping.…”

Section: Model To Obtain 2d Maps Of Atomic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Tabletop X‐Ray Lasers

Zeitoun

Oliva

et al. 2014

Attosecond and XUV Physics

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Short pulses in the X-ray regime offer unique opportunities for the study of ultrafast processes in biology, chemistry and physics. The absorption of X-rays can occur with high spectral selectivity for direct chemical or physical analysis, the very low diffraction limit of X-rays is useful for imaging and physical analysis, and the short wavelength supports extremely short pulses in the attosecond (1 as D 10 18 s) and even zeptosecond (1 zs D 10 21 s) range [1,2]. Over the past few years, X-ray sources have reached higher and higher intensities by either reducing the pulse duration and the size of the focal spot, or by increasing the energy available in the generating process.The availability of X-ray pulses with ultrahigh intensity has opened new avenues for nonlinear physics and ultrafast imaging (see Chapter 17). A major concern in the field of ultrafast imaging is the danger of sample decomposition due to ionization by X-rays before the diffraction image (2D or 3D) is acquired. A theoretical study by Neutze et al. proposed that the ideal light source for this type of imaging should have about 10 12 photons in a fully coherent pulse with 5 fs duration or less, and with 12 keV photon energy [3]. For soft X-ray imaging (typically 30 eV to 1 keV photon energy), the parameters differ significantly. This energy range corresponds to wavelengths from 30 nm down to 1 nm, allowing experiments with diffraction-limited resolution of a few nanometers. Unlike the case discussed by Neutze, diffraction will not occur on molecular electrons but on nanoscale structures or sample structural variation. The bulk matter structure does not evolve as fast as molecular electrons, which often acquire relativistic speed. The relevant time scales are therefore defined by the speed of sound, typically 10 4 ms 1 for the density and temperature under consideration. To reach a target spatial resolution of 1 nm, the soft X-ray pulse duration should be on the order of 100 fs to prevent blurring during image exposure at the irradiation levels considered.Soft X-rays are often absorbed by the sample, reducing the signal flux at the detector. Hence the experiments require a high energy per pulse. To find an esAttosecond and XUV Physics, First Edition. Edited by Thomas Schultz and Marc Vrakking.

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“…When the focal width is larger than 100 µm, the gain zone is rather homogeneous. These changes are due to a reduction of the thermal losses by lateral conduction and radiation cooling as well as the inhibition of the lateral expansion when increasing the focal width [16]. Considering a 1 mm large plasma that may be created with a sub-PW laser, about 0.4 mJ is stored on the population inversion.…”

Section: Numerical Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Chirped Pulse Amplification: towards GW Soft X-ray Lasers

Zeitoun

Oliva

et al. 2013

Applied Sciences

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Extensive modeling of the seeding of plasma-based soft X-ray lasers is reported in this article. Seminal experiments on amplification in plasmas created from solids have been studied in detail and explained. Using a transient collisional excitation scheme, we show that a 18 µJ, 80 fs fully coherent pulse is achievable by using plasmas pumped by a compact 10 Hz laser. We demonstrate that direct seeding of plasmas created by nanosecond lasers is not efficient. Therefore, we propose and fully study the transposition to soft X-rays of the Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) technique. Soft X-ray pulses with energy of 6 mJ and 200 fs duration are reachable by seeding plasmas pumped by compact 100 J, sub-ns, 1 shot/min lasers. These soft X-ray lasers would reach GW power, corresponding to an increase of 100 times as compared to the highest peak power achievable nowadays in the soft X-ray region (30 eV-1 keV). X-ray CPA is opening new horizon for soft x-ray ultra-intense sources. OPEN ACCESSAppl. Sci. 2013, 3 582

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Hydrodynamic study of plasma amplifiers for soft-x-ray lasers: A transition in hydrodynamic behavior for plasma columns with widths ranging from20 μmto 2 mm

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

Optimum Pump Pulse Duration for X-Ray Ar-Plasma Lasing

Optimum Pump Pulse Duration for X-Ray Ar-Plasma Lasing

Towards Tabletop X‐Ray Lasers

X-ray Chirped Pulse Amplification: towards GW Soft X-ray Lasers

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