“…Number of Occurrences References k-ε 18 [90,92,203,204,206,209,211,212,[215][216][217][218][223][224][225][226][227][230][231][232],236] None or not specified 16 [25,89,91,202,203,205,207,208,210,213,214,[220][221][222]228,229] Riera and co-workers [217] simulated a multi-phase spouted column to test the validity of three turbulence models: the k-ε model, the k-ω model [240] and the SST model [241]. They observed that the k-ε and k-ω models yielded similar results for an air-water mixture, while the SST model was the most adequate for the air-water-sand mixture.…”