Hydrogel forming microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of sildenafil citrate from polyethylene glycol reservoir: An ex vivo proof of concept study

Solid Dispersion Incorporated into Dissolving Microneedles for Improved Antifungal Activity of Amphotericin B: In Vivo Study in a Fungal Keratitis Model

“…17 Furthermore, the characteristic FTIR spectrum in the PVA range 3000−3600 cm −1 indicated the presence of a hydroxyl group (O−H); meanwhile, PVP had the characteristics of a sharp peak at 1641 cm −1 , which indicated the presence of a carbonyl group (C� O). 29,68 On the other hand, the FTIR spectra of DMN-SD-AMB, SD-AMB, and PM of AMB-PVP did not change significantly compared to the pure AMB FTIR spectrum. Each spectrum showed the presence of a methylene stretch polyene (C−H), a carbonyl group (C�O), and an amine in-plane (NH 2 ).…”

Advanced hydrogels: New expectation for the repair of organic erectile dysfunction

“…Using hydrogels as drug carriers increase the drug's bioavailability and transdermal rate, allowing it to pass through the deeper layers of the skin and reducing the drug's metabolites [ 15 , 70 ]. And a recent study suggested that hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFM) can facilitate transdermal delivery of sildenafil citrate (SC) by penetrating the stratum corneum [ 71 ]. Thus, hydrogels offer a new direction in ED and fill the gap in existing treatments, optimize existing therapies, and have a wide range of applications.…”

“…Transdermal sildenafil citrate delivery systems have been developed that would bypass the effects of first-pass metabolism and allow sustained drug release, but their drug permeation may also be hindered by the stratum corneum [ 71 ]. Therefore, the hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFM) was considered the appropriate approach.…”

“…It has a higher drug-loading capacity with adjustable release rates without leaving toxic residues residue [ 105 ]. In a recent study, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as polymers and tartaric acid as crosslinking agents, HFM integrated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) reservoir has been successfully developed [ 71 ]. This HFM could deliver SC more quickly and has a higher potential for bioavailability via the transdermal route, it has also been shown to be non-irritating, non-toxic, and painless.…”

Development of Procaine Loaded Transdermal Patches Based on Biopolymer Pectin, Castor Oil, and Polyethylene Glycol for Controllable Drug Release Studies and Their Characterizations

“…The synergetic effect of enhancers leads to a rise in drug penetration through the skin. PEG which is a member of hydrophilic enhancers is chosen to strengthen the solubility of the drug [29,30] …”