Hydrogels Enable Future Smart Batteries

Yang, Peihua; Yang, Jin‐Lin; Liu, Kang; Fan, Hong Jin

doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c07468

Cited by 82 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Particularly, hydrogel electrolytes as typical semi-solid electrolytes, consist of elastic crosslinked hydrated polymer chains with high content of water. Efforts on polymer chemistry and polymer engineering enable the hydrogel materials with great designability and tunability [ 106 ]. These features endow hydrogel electrolytes functionalities of stretchability, self-healing ability, and temperature adaptability, which are appealing for MERABs in photo-thermal systems and wearable electronics [ 107 , 108 ].…”

Section: Design Principle Of Merabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromic-Induced Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries: An Integrated Multifunctional System for Cross-Domain Applications

et al. 2023

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Multifunctional electrochromic-induced rechargeable aqueous batteries (MERABs) integrate electrochromism and aqueous ion batteries into one platform, which is able to deliver the conversion and storage of photo-thermal-electrochemical sources. Aqueous ion batteries compensate for the drawbacks of slow kinetic reactions and unsatisfied storage capacities of electrochromic devices. On the other hand, electrochromic technology can enable dynamically regulation of solar light and heat radiation. However, MERABs still face several technical issues, including a trade-off between electrochromic and electrochemical performance, low conversion efficiency and poor service life. In this connection, novel device configuration and electrode materials, and an optimized compatibility need to be considered for multidisciplinary applications. In this review, the unique advantages, key challenges and advanced applications are elucidated in a timely and comprehensive manner. Firstly, the prerequisites for effective integration of the working mechanism and device configuration, as well as the choice of electrode materials are examined. Secondly, the latest advances in the applications of MERABs are discussed, including wearable, self-powered, integrated systems and multisystem conversion. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and future development are outlined, highlighting the giant leap required from laboratory prototypes to large-scale production and eventual commercialization.

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Section: Design Principle Of Merabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromic-Induced Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries: An Integrated Multifunctional System for Cross-Domain Applications

et al. 2023

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“…Tight hydrogen bonds among polymer chains are prone to restrict the migration of free charged ions. [17] Thus, the existing hydrogel materials usually exhibit a low ionic conductivity (less than 1 S m −1 ) and eventually limit current density (most lies in the range of 5-50 µA cm −2 ). In addition, the existing hydrogelbased hygroscopic materials have a poor stretchability of less than 50% and are easily destroyed during deformation in real wearable electronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance, Highly Stretchable, Flexible Moist‐Electric Generators via Molecular Engineering of Hydrogels

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Harvesting energy from ubiquitous moisture has emerged as a promising technology, offering opportunities to power wearable electronics. However, low current density and inadequate stretching limit their integration into self‐powered wearables. Herein, a high‐performance, highly stretchable, and flexible moist‐electric generator (MEG) is developed via molecular engineering of hydrogels. The molecular engineering involves the impregnation of lithium ions and sulfonic acid groups into the polymer molecular chains to create ion‐conductive and stretchable hydrogels. This new strategy fully leverages the molecular structure of polymer chains, circumventing the addition of extra elastomers or conductors. A centimeter‐sized hydrogel‐based MEG can generate an open‐circuit voltage of 0.81 V and a short‐circuit current density of up to 480 µA cm−2. This current density is more than ten times that of most reported MEGs. Moreover, molecular engineering improves the mechanical properties of hydrogels, resulting in a stretchability of 506%, representing the state‐of‐the‐art level in reported MEGs. Notably, large‐scale integration of the high‐performance and stretchable MEGs is demonstrated to power wearables with integrated electronics, including respiration monitoring masks, smart helmets, and medical suits. This work provides fresh insights into the design of high‐performance and stretchable MEGs, facilitating their application to self‐powered wearables and broadening the application scenario.

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“…HE usually contains large amount of water to promote facile ionic migration, which can be classified into three classes based on their different chemical environment: The free water with a similar freezing point to pure water hardly having interaction with the host network, strongly bound water as an indispensable part of host structure maintaining good fluidity under ultralow temperature, and the medium water between the aforementioned two. [114,115] Clearly, reducing the free water content is the basic and straight-forward principle to prepare AHE, which can mainly be sorted into three types according to their antifreeze mechanism: AHE based on ionic hydration (iAHE), AHE based on electrostatic interaction (eAHE), and AHE based on synergetic interaction of ionic hydration and electrostatic effect (sAHE).…”

Section: Polymer Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Strategies and Recent Advancements for Low‐Temperature Aqueous Rechargeable Energy Storage

Sun

Liu

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Therefore, it is increasingly urgent to develop novel unfrozen aqueous electrolytes to balance electrochemical performance and demand under lowtemperature. Hence, we comprehensively discuss the anti-freezing mechanisms and the composition of low-temperature electrolytes, as well as summarizing recently related reports in a timeline of milestones in the development process of low-temperature ARES (Figure 1a). Inspired by those reported works, how to modulate and optimize the component of aqueous electrolytes to remain unfrozen under ultralow temperature with ideal ionic conductivity is of particular importance to enlarge their application scope.As the ionic transport mediums, electrolytes play a crucial role in ionic migration between cathode and anode electrodes during the electrochemical processes, which are generally composed of appropriate salts and solvents. [12,13] Compared with most frequently-used organic solvents, the high solidification point (0 °C, 1 atm) of pure water as the main solvent for aqueous electrolytes primarily leads to inferior ion transfer under low temperature, restricting the broad application of ARES. [11,14] Thus, understanding the root cause of the abnormal freezing point for water among chalcogen hydrides is an essential precondition to develop lowtemperature aqueous electrolytes. The most apparent difference in various pure chalcogen hydrides is the unique existence of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in the pure water system. [15,16] H-bond is the essence of the coordinate bond between lonepair electrons in the strongly electronegativity N, O, or F atoms and hydrogen atom with partial positive charge rather than the shared electron pair effect (Figure 1b). From the chemical composition, the polar water molecules containing two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen in per chemical formula are H-bonds acceptors and donors at the same time, because the oxygen side with two lone-pair electrons has negative charge and the hydrogen side has positive charge, which provide the condition for H-bonds formation. Subsequently, the viscosity of liquid water increases and H-bonds restrict the vibration of water molecules, boosting the formation of longrange ordered crystalline structure under subzero temperature. Theoretically, one water molecule can effectively interact with up to four nearest neighbor water molecules by H-bonds interaction to generate the self-associated water clusters, which has the short-range ordering in the form of tetrahedral H-bonds within the water clusters due to the sp 3 hybridization of O Aqueous rechargeable energy storage (ARES) has received tremendous attention in recent years due to its intrinsic merits of low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the relatively higher freezing point of conventional aqueous electrolytes results in sluggish kinetics and inferior ion transport efficiency under low temperature, severely restricting their further development and practical applications. In order to deal with the existing issues, the design principles ...

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Hydrogels Enable Future Smart Batteries

Cited by 82 publications

References 75 publications

Electrochromic-Induced Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries: An Integrated Multifunctional System for Cross-Domain Applications

Electrochromic-Induced Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries: An Integrated Multifunctional System for Cross-Domain Applications

High‐Performance, Highly Stretchable, Flexible Moist‐Electric Generators via Molecular Engineering of Hydrogels

Design Strategies and Recent Advancements for Low‐Temperature Aqueous Rechargeable Energy Storage

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