Temperature dependences of the 14 N nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) frequencies have been measured in molecular complex 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid−nicotinic acid (35DBNA) and in deuterated 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPDA). In deuterated DPDA, the temperature dependences of the deuterium quadrupole coupling constants and asymmetry parameters η have also been measured. In 35DBNA, the magnitude of the quadrupole coupling constant of the pyridine nitrogen agrees with the experimentally observed proton transfer. No proton exchange (O−H···N ↔ O − ···H−N + ) is observed. The temperature dependence of the 14 N quadrupole coupling constant is analyzed in a model of a resonance hybrid of two extreme electron configurations of the molecules. The energy difference of the two extreme electron configurations is determined. In the same model, we analyzed previously published 14 N NQR data of the NHO hydrogen bond in nondeuterated 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid. The 14 N NQR data in DPDA show the presence of a quasi-continuous isosymmetric phase transition at around 210 K. No mixture of the high-temperature phase and the low-temperature phase has been observed below this temperature. We analyzed the temperature dependence of the 14 N quadrupole coupling constant in DPDA in the model of a resonance hybrid of two extreme electron configurations and determined the temperature dependences of their contributions to the electronic state of the molecule.
■ INTRODUCTIONHydrogen bonding is an important chemical interaction that occurs in a variety of organic and inorganic materials. These bonds, which are largely electrostatic in nature, are weaker than covalent and ionic bonds but stronger than ordinary dipole− dipole and dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in many biological processes. It is further connected to some interesting physical properties including ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, nonlinear optical properties, among others.Short strong hydrogen bonds (SSHB) possess a strongly covalent character. An interesting phenomena occurring in SSHB is temperature-dependent proton migration that has been observed by inelastic neutron scattering in 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDA), 1,2 urea phosphoric acid, 3,4 a 1:2 cocrystal of benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid and 4,4-bipyridyl, 5 a 1:1 crystal of 2-methylpyridine and pentachlorophenol, 6 pyridinium 2,4-dinitrobenzoate, 7 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid−3,5-dimethylpyridine complex, 8 dimethylurea−oxalic acid complex, 9 and in molecular complex 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid− nicotinic acid (35DBNA). 10 The variable-temperature X-ray and neutron diffraction study of 35DBNA indicates a significant degree of proton transfer in the short NHO hydrogen bond. Complementary ab initio MD simulations at 400 K show the key proton hopping across the NHO short strong hydrogen bond, spending short periods along the trajectory (8% of the simulation time) bonded to the O atom. 10 Deuteration of a strong hydrogen bond is known to strongly change its properties. 11 Well-known effects a...