Hydrogen Bonding Nanoarchitectonics of Organic Pigment-Based Janus Microrobots with Entering Capability into Cancer Cells

Abstract

Autonomous microrobots are at the forefront of biomedical research as they are expected to be applied for specific tasks at the intracellular level such as cargo delivery, sensing, molecular manipulation, among others. Here, we report on a preparation of microrobots based on quinacridone and indigo, which are members of the organic hydrogen-bonded pigment family. The microrobots were fabricated by asymmetric platinum deposition on corresponding quinacridone and indigo microparticles that possessed a homogeneous size and shape distribution. The microrobots exhibited autonomous locomotion in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which was further supported by UV irradiation. The organic pigment-based microrobots were studied in the presence of mouse colorectal carcinoma cells, and it was observed that they were internalized into the cells. Internalization was visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. This study reveals the possibility of fabricating hydrogen-bonded organic pigment-based microrobots for biomedical applications by employing the principles of nanoarchitectonics.

Recent Advances in Electrospinning Techniques for Precise Medicine

“…Successful construction of 3D structures carrying cells through 4D printing has proven cell-driven approaches feasible. Microstructures incorporating cells have been fabricated and applied in the field of biomedical engineering [ 135 – 137 ]. With the development of CE technology, living microfilaments carrying cells can be produced.…”

In vivoapplications of micro/nanorobots

“…For the micro/nanorobots actuated with an on-board method, the power source can be local (chemical reactions) or biological (motile microorganisms). [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Chemical reactions were widely utilized as the locomotion source in the early studies conducted with animal models. 30 For instance, microrobots based on mag-nesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) hold the ability to react with waterand/or acid-based biofluids.…”