Hydrogen, Calcium, and Potassium Ion-Sensitive FET Transducers: A Preliminary Report

Moss, Stanley D.; Johnson, Christine; Janata, Jiřı́

doi:10.1109/tbme.1978.326377

Cited by 84 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is worth noting that the above models do not describe ISFET behavior globally unlike second-generation ISFET models (i.e. site-binding models [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]) appeared in the eighties. However, they can be employed as first-order models for describing their local behavior, i.e.…”

Section: Electronic Tongues and Their Mixing Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Component Analysis for Solid-State Chemical Sensor Arrays

Bermejo

2006

Appl Intell

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Electronic noses and tongues are two recent examples in chemical sensing that employ statistical array techniques in order to overcome the intrinsic limitations of current solid-state chemical sensors like ion-selective field transistors (ISFET). In particular, ISFETs are sensitive to the concentration of a particular ion in a solution to be measured, but they can be also strongly affected by several interfering ions found in the solution. Hence, they must be employed in regions in which the effect of interferences is negligible thus limiting their range of operation. However, as we show, ISFETs behave as non-linear mixers of main ion activities and interfering ones and thus an attempt to separate the original main ion activity and interferences from the mixed response is suitable with independent component analysis (ICA) methods. In this direction, a novel learning algorithm is proposed which synergistically combines ICA and linear regression for dealing with the separation in ISFET responses and further reconstruction of ion activities in those operating regions in which interferences notably affect their response. Several experiments with real ISFET measurements demonstrate the interest of proposed methods.

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Section: Electronic Tongues and Their Mixing Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Component Analysis for Solid-State Chemical Sensor Arrays

Bermejo

2006

Appl Intell

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“…FET-based Ca 2þ microsensors offer an interesting alternative over the measurements have been used for a longtime in ionselective electrodes [48] and in ISFETs [49,50]. Owing to the high selectivity of biological chemical reactions, the development of biologically modified FETs (BioFET) can be advantageous over membrane-based MEMFET or CHEMFET (chemically modified ISFET) approaches.…”

Section: Isfets Based On Ion-selective Biological Macromoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

FET‐Based Chemical Sensor Systems Fabricated with Standard Technologies

Errachid¹,

Zine

Samitier³

et al. 2004

Electroanalysis

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Miniaturized solid-state ion sensors based on field-effect transistors on silicon can take advantage of the capabilities of microelectronics and microsystems technology for the integration of combined functionalities. Optimized solidstate chemical sensors usually require specific materials and fabrication processes. However, if standard fabrication processes can be used, integrated chemical sensor systems can be developed in a shorter time and in a cost effective way. We show that, for applications in which a long operating time is not required, such as in disposable biomedical sensors, good integrated sensor systems can be fabricated with standard materials and processes. Specific examples are presented, such as multisensor systems, sensors with integrated signal-processing circuits and sensors with particle manipulation electrodes.

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“…The theoretical chemical response of an ISFET is the same as that of an ion-selective electrode except that an ISFET does not have an internal solution, and the membrane is directly on the solid surface of the field effect transistor. Subsequent research was reported on the development of ISFETs to measure different ionic species including calcium, potassium, sodium, and ammonium ions (Matsuo and Wise, 1974;Moss et al, 1975;Janata and Moss, 1976;Moss et al, 1978;McBride et al, 1978;Ramsing et al, 1980;Oesch et al, 1981). Soon other researchers were developing multiple sensor modules with integrated signal conditioning to buffer and amplify the signal, including in some cases, automatic temperature compensation (Sibbald et al, 1984;Brown et al, 1985;Fung and Fu, 1985;Lauks et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time multi ISFET/FIA soil analysis system with automatic sample extraction

Birrell

Hummel

2001

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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Successful implementation of site-specific crop management relies on accurate quantification of spatial variation of important factors. Therefore, there is a tremendous need for the development of sensing technologies that will allow automated collection of soil, crop and pest data, to more accurately characterize within-field variability. The objective of this work was to develop an integrated multi-sensor soil analysis system. Ion-selective field effect transistor (ISFET) technology was coupled with flow injection analysis (FIA) to produce a real-time soil analysis system. Testing of the ISFET/ FIA system for soil analysis was carried out in two stages: (1) using manually extracted samples, and (2) the soil to be analysed was placed in the automated soil extraction system, and the extracted solution fed directly into the FIA system. The sensor was successful in measuring soil nitrates in manually extracted soil solutions (r 2 >0.9). The rapid response of the system allowed a sample to be analysed in 1.25 s, which is satisfactory for real-time soil sensing. Precision and accuracy of the system were highly dependent on maintaining precise, repetitive injection times and maintaining constant flow parameters during the calibration and testing cycle. The progress toward an automated soil extraction system was notable, but considerable effort will be necessary before commercialization can be realized. However, the concept of using ISFETs for the real-time analysis of soil nitrates is sound. The rapid response and low sample volumes required by the multi-sensor ISFET/FIA system make it a viable candidate for use in real-time soil nutrient sensing. AbstractSuccessful implementation of site-specific crop management relies on accurate quantification of spatial variation of important factors. Therefore, there is a tremendous need for the development of sensing technologies that will allow automated collection of soil, crop and pest data, to more accurately characterize within-field variability. The objective of this work was to develop an integrated multi-sensor soil analysis system. Ion-selective field effect transistor (ISFET) technology was coupled with flow injection analysis (FIA) to produce a real-time soil analysis system. Testing of the ISFET/ FIA system for soil analysis was carried out in two stages: (1) using manually extracted samples, and (2) the soil to be analysed was placed in the automated soil extraction system, and the extracted solution fed directly into the FIA system. The sensor was successful in measuring soil nitrates in manually extracted soil solutions (r 2 \0.9). The rapid response of the system allowed a sample to be analysed in 1.25 s, which is satisfactory for real-time soil sensing. Precision and accuracy of the system were highly dependent on maintaining precise, repetitive injection times and maintaining constant flow parameters during the calibration and testing cycle. The progress toward an automated soil extraction system was notable, but considerable effort will be necessary...

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Hydrogen, Calcium, and Potassium Ion-Sensitive FET Transducers: A Preliminary Report

Cited by 84 publications

References 11 publications

Independent Component Analysis for Solid-State Chemical Sensor Arrays

Independent Component Analysis for Solid-State Chemical Sensor Arrays

FET‐Based Chemical Sensor Systems Fabricated with Standard Technologies

Real-time multi ISFET/FIA soil analysis system with automatic sample extraction

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