Hydrogen chloride emissions from combustion of raw and torrefied biomass

Ren, Xiaohan; Sun, Rui; Chi, Hsun-Hsien; Meng, Xiaoxiao; Li, Yupeng; Levendis, Yiannis A.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.03.040

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Chlorine contained in the biomass during most of the combustion is released in the form of hydrogen chloride HCl, which can further react with other exhaust components, resulting in the production of dioxins [69]. In this experiment, the hydrogen chloride content was twice as high for the combustion of whole cherry stones than for that of the cherry stones and rye bran pellets.…”

Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Densification and Combustion of Cherry Stones

et al. 2019

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The aim of the presented research was to determine the suitability of cherry stones as a solid fuel. Mixtures of cherry stones with the addition of 10%, 15%, and 20% rye bran as a binder were subjected to the pressure agglomeration process in a rotary matrix working system (170, 220, and 270 rpm). The density of pellets, their kinetic durability, and power demand of the granulator’s device for each mix were determined. The highest quality was characterized by pellets containing 20% rye bran, which were combusted in a 25 kW boiler with a retort grate. The concentration of CO, CO2, NO, SO2, HCl, and O2 in the exhaust gas was tested. On the basis of the results of combustion, high heating value (HHV), low heating value (LHV), and elemental analysis, it was found that pellets from cherry stones with the addition of rye bran can serve as a substitute for wood pellets in low-power installations.

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Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Densification and Combustion of Cherry Stones

et al. 2019

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“…The equivalence ratio is computed using Equation (6) based on the fuel and air inputs. 42,43 Specifically, it is expressed as the ratio of stoichiometric amount of oxygen feeding into the gasifier and oxygen that are actually supplied when m f has a fixed value. As the equivalent ratio decreases, the amount of O 2 injection increases.…”

Section: Influence Of Equivalence Ratio and S/c Ratio On Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of low‐rank coal and biomass co‐pyrolysis system coupled with gasification

Lyu

Cao²,

Zhang

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary To utilize low‐rank coal and biomass in a highly efficient and environmental‐friendly manner, a co‐pyrolysis system coupled with char gasification is investigated. This system has five main units, namely, the drying and mixing, pyrolysis, cooling and separation, combustion, and gasification units, which are simulated by ASPEN plus based on experimental data. Results show that 37% of the pyrolysis char is burned to supply heat for pyrolysis and drying processes based on cascade utilization of heat energy, whereas the rest is sent to a gasifier. The sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the impacts of steam and O2 injection on gas composition, gasification temperature, carbon conversion efficiency, heating value of gas during gasification, and gas production efficiency. The fractions of H2, CH4, CO, and CO2 demonstrate diverse variation tendencies with an increasing equivalence ratio and steam‐to‐char (S/C) ratio. However, carbon conversion efficiency reaches its peak of 99.91% when the equivalence ratio is approximately 4 regardless of S/C ratio. An equivalence ratio of 4 and S/C ratio of 0.15 are used as decent examples to calculate the mass balance and to simulate the overall system. Results show that 1000 kg/h coal and 500 kg/h biomass can produce 285.83 m3/h pyrolysis gas and 2580.78 m3/h gasification gas with low heating values of 8.20 and 9.746 MJ/m3, respectively.

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“…Although steam explosion processing does not significantly affect the caloric value, this parameter (as well as grindability) is greatly increased by carbonization [6]. In addition, carbonization was shown to reduce the chlorine content of biomass [7] and improve its hydrophobicity [8], thus allowing carbonized WB to be used in pulverized coal boilers at a high co-firing ratio [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expedient Prediction of the Fuel Properties of Carbonized Woody Biomass Based on Hue Angle

et al. 2018

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Woody biomass co-firing-based power generation can reduce CO 2 emissions from pulverized coal boilers. Carbonization of woody biomass increases its calorific value and grindability, thereby improving the co-firing ratio. Carbonized biomass fuel properties depend on moisture, size and shape of feedstock, and carbonization conditions. To produce carbonized biomass with stable fuel properties, the carbonization conditions should be set according to the desired fuel properties. Therefore, we examined color changes accompanying woody biomass carbonization and proposed using them for rapid evaluation of fuel properties. Three types of woody biomasses were carbonized at a test facility with a capacity of 4 tons/day, and the fuel properties of the obtained materials were correlated with their color defined by the L * a * b * model. When fixed carbon, an important fuel property for carbonization, was 25 wt % or less, we observed a strong negative correlation, regardless of the tree species, between the hue angle, h ab , and fixed carbon. The h ab and fixed carbon were correlated even when the fixed carbon exceeded 25 wt %; however, this correlation was specific to the tree species. These results indicate that carbonized biomass fuel properties such as fixed carbon can be estimated rapidly and easily by measuring h ab .

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Hydrogen chloride emissions from combustion of raw and torrefied biomass

Cited by 62 publications

References 48 publications

Densification and Combustion of Cherry Stones

Densification and Combustion of Cherry Stones

Assessment of low‐rank coal and biomass co‐pyrolysis system coupled with gasification

Expedient Prediction of the Fuel Properties of Carbonized Woody Biomass Based on Hue Angle

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