Hydrogen cyanamide improves endodormancy release and blooming associated with endogenous hormones in ‘Summit’ sweet cherry trees

Wang, Lei; Zhang, Caixi; Huang, Jiancheng; Zhu, Liehuang; Yu, Xijiao; Li, Jiefa; Lou, Yu; Xu, Wenping; Wang, Shiping; Ma, Chao

doi:10.1080/01140671.2016.1229344

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Because ABA promotes bud dormancy and inhibits budbreak [ 58 ], high efficacy of HC in budbreak induction can be explained by HC-induced ABA reductions. Similar HC-induced ABA reductions have been reported in sweet cherry [ 32 ] and grapevine [ 31 , 34 ]. Some molecular studies on grapevine suggest that the inhibitory effect of HC on ABA accumulation involves both down-regulation of ABA biosynthesis genes and up-regulation of ABA degradation genes [ 31 , 34 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In general, the ABA concentrations in buds declines with the depth of dormancy [ 22 , 24 , 25 , 55 , 56 ], whereas GA shows an exact opposite trend [ 26 , 27 ]. This inverse correlation between ABA and GA is reported in many Rosaceae fruit crops [ 26 , 27 , 30 , 57 ], and it can also be induced by HC in grape ( Vitis vinifera L.) and sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L.) [ 31 , 32 , 34 ]. In this study, although the ABA concentration in HC-treated buds declined rapidly before the onset of budbreak, GA 4 showed no significant changes and GA 3 was undetectable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Budbreak patterns and phytohormone dynamics reveal different modes of action between hydrogen cyanamide- and defoliant-induced flower budbreak in blueberry under inadequate chilling conditions

Lin

Agehara

2021

PLoS ONE

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Under inadequate chilling conditions, hydrogen cyanamide (HC) is often used to promote budbreak and improve earliness of Southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. interspecific hybrids). However, HC is strictly regulated or even banned in some countries because of its high hazardous properties. Development of safer and effective alternatives to HC is critical to sustainable subtropical blueberry production. In this study, we examined the efficacy of HC and defoliants as bud dormancy-breaking agents for ‘Emerald’ blueberry. First, we compared water control, 1.0% HC (9.35 L ha–1), and three defoliants [potassium thiosulfate (KTS), urea, and zinc sulfate (ZS)] applied at 6.0% (28 kg ha–1). Model fitting analysis revealed that only HC and ZS advanced both defoliation and budbreak compared with the water control. HC-induced budbreak showed an exponential plateau function with a rapid phase occurring from 0 to 22 days after treatment (DAT), whereas ZS-induced budbreak showed a sigmoidal function with a rapid phase occurring from 15 to 44 DAT. The final budbreak percentage was similar in all treatments (71.7%–83.7%). Compared with the water control, HC and ZS increased yield by up to 171% and 41%, respectively, but the yield increase was statistically significant only for HC. Phytohormone profiling was performed for water-, HC- and ZS-treated flower buds. Both chemicals did not increase gibberellin 4 and indole-3-acetic acid production, but they caused a steady increase in jasmonic acid (JA) during budbreak. Compared with ZS, HC increased JA production to a greater extent and was the only chemical that reduced abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations during budbreak. A follow-up experiment tested ZS at six different rates (0–187 kg ha–1) but detected no significant dose-response on budbreak. These results collectively suggest that defoliants are not effective alternatives to HC, and that HC and ZS have different modes of action in budbreak induction. The high efficacy of HC as a dormancy-breaking agent could be due to its ability to reduce ABA concentrations in buds. Our results also suggest that JA accumulation is involved in budbreak induction in blueberry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Budbreak patterns and phytohormone dynamics reveal different modes of action between hydrogen cyanamide- and defoliant-induced flower budbreak in blueberry under inadequate chilling conditions

Lin

Agehara

2021

PLoS ONE

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“…While the buds chilling accumulation was enough, endogenous ABA levels were down-regulated and GA 3 level in flower buds were up-regulated during the dormancy release [33][34][35]. Our previous studies showed that hydrogen cyanamide improved GAs:ABA ratio, resulting in the endodormancy release and blooming in sweet cherry [36], and hydrogen cyanamide could down-regulate the expression levels of DAMs in peach [15]. The above evidences indicated that ABA and GA were also associated with the expression changes of PaDAMs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dormancy-Associated MADS-Box (DAM) Genes Influence Chilling Requirement of Sweet Cherries and Co-Regulate Flower Development with SOC1 Gene

Wang

Gao

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Floral bud dormancy release of fruit tree species is greatly influenced by climate change. The lack of chilling accumulation often results in the occurrence of abnormal flower and low yields of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) in warm regions. To investigate the regulation of dormancy in sweet cherries, six DAM genes with homology to peach DAM, designated PavDAM1-6, have been identified and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis indicate that these genes are similar to DAMs in peach, apple and pear. The expression patterns of the PavDAMs in the low-chill cultivar ‘Royal Lee’ were different from that in the high-chill cultivar ‘Hongdeng’. ‘Royal Lee’ exhibits lower transcriptional level of PavDAM1 compared to ‘Hongdeng’, especially at the stage of chilling accumulation, and transcriptional levels of PavDAM4/5 were high in both cultivars during the endodormancy. Ectopic expression of PavDAM1 and PavDAM5 in Arabidopsis resulted in plants with abnormal flower and seed development, especially the PavDAM5. Higher transcriptional levels of SOC1 were observed in transgenic PavDAM1/5 lines, and ectopic expression of PavSOC1 had the similar floral phenotype. Further, protein interaction analysis demonstrated that PavDAM1/5 could interact with PavSOC1 in vivo and in vitro, which will help clarify the molecular mechanism of the flower development in sweet cherry or other fruit trees.

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“…HC treatment causes GA biosynthesis and the degradation genes of grape to increase and decrease, respectively [27]. GA displays a rapid increase when sweet cherry buds enter the burst stage and is associated with the promotion of budburst and blooming by HC treatment [28]. Recent studies have shown that the expression of the GA biosynthesis genes VvGA3ox2, VvGA20ox3, and VvGA20ox6 are significantly downregulated after HC treatment for 24 h and the expression of VvGA3ox2 and VvGA20ox6 are upregulated after HC treatment for 96 h [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen cyanamide induces grape bud endodormancy release through carbohydrate metabolism and plant hormone signaling

et al. 2019

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BackgroundGrape buds exhibit non-uniform, or delayed, break in early spring in subtropical regions because the accumulation of chilling is insufficient. Hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2, HC) can partially replace chilling to effectively promote bud sprouting and is used widely in warm winter areas. However, the exact underlying mechanism of grape bud release from endodormancy induced by HC remains elusive.ResultsIn this study, the transcriptome of grape winter buds under in vitro conditions following HC and water treatment (control) was analyzed using RNA-seq technology. A total of 6772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Furthermore, the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that starch and sucrose metabolism and plant hormone signaling transduction were most enriched out of the 50 total pathways. HC treatment induced the upregulated expression of sucrose synthase (SUS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), α-amylase (AM), and β-amylase (BM) and downregulated expression of sucrose invertase (INV), hexokinase (HK), fructokinase (FK), soluble starch synthase (SS), and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). Hence, the starch concentration in the HC-treated group was significantly lower than that in control, whereas soluble sugar content in the HC-treated group increased quickly and was higher than that in control between 0 and 8 d. The concentration of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and zeatin (ZT) increased, whereas that of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) decreased in HC treated group, which coincided with the expression level of genes involved in above hormone signals. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were increased in grape buds with HC treatment, whereas catalase (CAT) activity was decreased. HC treatment increased the expression of POD, SOD, primary amine oxidase (PAO), polyamine oxidase (PAOX), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).ConclusionBased on these results, it is possible to propose a mechanistic model that underlies the regulation of endodormancy release in grapevine buds by exogenous HC application.

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Hydrogen cyanamide improves endodormancy release and blooming associated with endogenous hormones in ‘Summit’ sweet cherry trees

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Budbreak patterns and phytohormone dynamics reveal different modes of action between hydrogen cyanamide- and defoliant-induced flower budbreak in blueberry under inadequate chilling conditions

Budbreak patterns and phytohormone dynamics reveal different modes of action between hydrogen cyanamide- and defoliant-induced flower budbreak in blueberry under inadequate chilling conditions

Dormancy-Associated MADS-Box (DAM) Genes Influence Chilling Requirement of Sweet Cherries and Co-Regulate Flower Development with SOC1 Gene

Hydrogen cyanamide induces grape bud endodormancy release through carbohydrate metabolism and plant hormone signaling

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