Hydrogen-dependent denitrification of water in an anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor coupled with a novel hydrogen delivery system

Study of a combined sulfur autotrophic with proton-exchange membrane electrodialytic denitrification technology: Sulfate control and pH balance

“…Since nitrate has a deleterious effect on human health and environment, processes for nitrate removal have gained attention in recent years (Kleinjans et al, 1991;Nolan et al, 1997). The conventional treatment methods used to remove nitrate are reverse osmosis (RO) (Brigita et al, 2009), ion exchange (IE) (Samatya et al, 2006), catalytic (Prüsse et al, 2000;Florence et al, 2001;Wan et al, 2009a) and biological (Anabela et al, 2000;Lucas et al, 2005;Liu and Koenig, 2002;Rezania et al, 2007) processes. There are some disadvantages with these methods that limit their application.…”

“…Some advantages of autotrophic over heterotrophic denitrification process are: avoiding secondary pollution of residual carbon source; low biomass yield and less sludge production (Liu and Koenig, 2002;Rezania et al, 2007).…”

“…Hydrogen is the preferred donor for autotrophic denitrification for its clean nature and low biomass yield (Rezania et al, 2007;Wan et al, 2009b): 1:06NO À 3 þ 0:3CO 2 þ 3:34H 2 þ 1:06H þ ! 0:06C 5 H 7 O 2 N þ 0:5N 2 þ 3:…”

Study of a combined heterotrophic and sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology for removal of nitrate in water

“…Current chemical technologies for removal of nitrate like ion exchange and reverse osmosis are not selective to nitrate, generate secondary brine wastes and require generation of used medium [6]. Biological denitrification technology, which comprises heterotrophic denitrification [7][8][9][10][11] or autotrophic denitrification [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], is one of the most efficient methods for nitrates removal from water. The heterotrophic denitrification system uses organic compounds, such as methanol [7][8][9] and ethanol [10,11], as carbon source.…”

Using the combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification system for groundwater denitrification

“…Since groundwater always has a very low concentration of biodegradable organic materials, autotrophic denitrification which utilizes CO 2 as their carbon source from water requires addition of an electron donor substrate. Elemental sulfur (Batchelor and Lawerence, 1978;Claus and Kutzner, 1985;Wang, 1998;Koenig and Liu, 2001;Liu and Koenig, 2002;Kimura et al, 2002;Moon et al, 2004;Zeng and Zhang, 2005;Sierra-Alvarez et al, 2007) and H 2 (Mansell and Schroeder, 2002;Rezania et al, 2007) as electron donor for autotrophic denitrification systems has been studied extensively.…”