Hydrogen/deuterium exchange in mass spectrometry

Abstract

The isotopic exchange approach is in use since the first observation of such reactions in 1933 by Lewis. This approach allows the investigation of the pathways of chemical and biochemical reactions, determination of structure, composition, and conformation of molecules. Mass spectrometry has now become one of the most important analytical tools for the monitoring of the isotopic exchange reactions. Investigation of conformational dynamics of proteins, quantitative measurements, obtaining chemical, and structural information about individual compounds of the complex natural mixtures are mainly based on the use of isotope exchange in combination with high resolution mass spectrometry. The most important reaction is the Hydrogen/Deuterium exchange, which is mainly performed in the solution. Recently we have developed the approach allowing performing of the Hydrogen/Deuterium reaction on-line directly in the ionization source under atmospheric pressure. Such approach simplifies the sample preparation and can accelerate the exchange reaction so that certain hydrogens that are considered as non-labile will also participate in the exchange. The use of in-ionization source H/D exchange in modern mass spectrometry for structural elucidation of molecules serves as the basic theme in this review. We will focus on the mechanisms of the isotopic exchange reactions and on the application of in-ESI, in-APCI, and in-APPI source Hydrogen/Deuterium exchange for the investigation of petroleum, natural organic matter, oligosaccharides, and proteins including protein-protein complexes. The simple scenario for adaptation of H/D exchange reactions into mass spectrometric method is also highlighted along with a couple of examples collected from previous studies.

Examination of molecular space and feasible structures of bioactive components of humic substances by FTICR MS data mining in ChEMBL database

“…We also assessed the antiviral activity of ten HS samples from different sources against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV, genus Flavivirus ) and Enterovirus (EV) genus representatives and retrieved ChEMBL compounds with comparable bioactivity profiles. For supporting chemical relevance of the compounds found in ChEMBL to natural HS, we applied the previously developed approach of selective isotopic exchanged coupled to FTICR MS for obtaining structural information on the individual components of HS 36 . The obtained results provide first insight on the possible structures, which comprise antiviral components of HS and, respectively, can be used for further dissection of HS antiviral activity mechanism.…”

Structure-Based Inhibitor Discovery of Class I Histone Deacetylases (HDACs)

“…For instance, as mentioned above, XL-MS has been used in analyzing Sin3 complex and modeling a structure of this complex at a global level [ 80 ]. In addition, XL-MS [ 158 , 159 ], hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS (HDX-MS) [ 160 , 161 , 162 ], native MS [ 163 , 164 ], native top–down MS [ 165 , 166 ] techniques have been more frequently used for the structural studies of macromolecular protein complexes [ 167 ]. The integration of different structural techniques is certainly enhancing the analysis of protein-inhibitors interaction and inhibitor designs.…”

Photoreactivity of humic-like polyphenol material under irradiation with different wavelengths explored by FTICR MS and deuteromethylation

“…This was performed by selective deuteromethylation, which allows to enumerate carboxylic groups in individual components of complex mixtures. 26,36 The colorcoded van Krevelen diagram is presented in Figure 4.…”