Hydrogen embrittlement of super duplex stainless steel in acid solution

Elhoud, A.; Renton, Neill C.; Deans, W.F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.03.056

Cited by 100 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, if the active polarization becomes more active on the material surface by the decrease in potential, damage can occur as the hydrogen gas generation is increased by the reduction of hydrogen ions in the seawater solution. Further, hydrogen atoms damage the surface by penetrating into the material and causing hydrogen-induced cracking during the active polarization process~Michler et al, 2009;Elhoud et al, 2010!. In this study, the surface damage began to be seen from the potential below Ϫ1.9 V. As shown in Figure 2, the damage pattern in the region below Ϫ1.9 V was different from that in the potential region of Ϫ1.1 to Ϫ1.3 V, and the degree of surface damage was comparatively small. However, the hydrogen-induced cracking by the hydrogen atoms that have penetrated into the material requires a latent period and is accelerated when a tensile strength is applied.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation on the Optimum Corrosion Protection Potential for Minimization of Cavitation Damage Using the Potentiostatic Method in Seawater

Kim¹,

Jang²,

Park³

2013

Microsc Microanal

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Abstract:In this study, we replaced the expensive blade material with an aluminum-bronze alloy that has excellent corrosion resistance and cavitation characteristics and developed the corrosion protection method to improve durability using an electrochemical method. The objective of this study was to identify the electrochemical corrosion protection conditions to minimize cavitation damage due to generating hydrogen gas~2H 2 O ϩ 2e Ϫ r 2OH Ϫ ϩ H 2 ! by means of hydrogen overvoltage before the impact pressure of the cavity is transferred to the surface. In the constant potential experiment under the cavitation environment, the energy was reflected or cancelled out by collision of the cavities with the hydrogen gas generated by the hydrogen overvoltage. As a result, the optimal corrosion prevention potential in the dynamic state is assumed to be the range of Ϫ1.4 to Ϫ1.7 V, which is the range at which active polarization took place.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation on the Optimum Corrosion Protection Potential for Minimization of Cavitation Damage Using the Potentiostatic Method in Seawater

Kim¹,

Jang²,

Park³

2013

Microsc Microanal

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“…Table 2 shows the measurements of hydrogen at 400 °C and 900 °C during 40 minutes, in the as-received and hydrogenated specimens. The cathodic charging increased mostly the hydrogen measurement at 400 °C, which is considered as diffusible hydrogen since it has lower activation energy (weak traps) [9][10][11][12] . On the other hand, the increase of hydrogen measured at 900 °C cannot be deemed significant.…”

Section: (3) (4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In DSS, hydrogen is trapped in microstructural defects. Depending of the hydrogen-trap binding energy, it is usually classified as diffusible or non-diffusible (residual) [9][10][11][12] . This notion is important since only diffusible hydrogen contributes to the hydrogen embrittlement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the residual hydrogen is characterized by high activation energy (strong traps). Thus, it takes the form of irreversible trapped hydrogen in structural defects such as high angle boundaries, austenite-ferrite interface and clusters [9][10][11][12] . In addition, hydrogen expands the austenite lattice, promoting the hydrogen-induced phase transformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, hydrogen increases the dislocation density in both ferrite and austenite, and the number of stacking faults in austenite 14 . While the cold work results in an increase in hydrogen uptake, and the subsequent detrimental effect on mechanical properties 11 . As several mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement can be overlapped due to the microstructural differences between the ferrite and austenite, the use of in situ experimental techniques could proportionate new elements about the hydrogen effects on the martensitic transformation and dislocation density under load application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Synchrotron Radiation Measurements During Axial Strain In Hydrogen Cathodically Charged Duplex Stainless Steel SAF 2205

Hoyos

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2017

Mat. Res.

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The objective of this work is the evaluation of hydrogen effects on the martensitic transformation and strain hardening in Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) SAF 2205 (UNS S32205/S31803). DSS are two-phase alloys (austenite and ferrite), which are used for applications requiring high mechanical strength, in corrosive environments. Therefore, it is necessary a better understanding of the phenomena involved on the hydrogen embrittlement. For this, in situ measurements of X-ray diffraction were made during tensile test in H 2 cathodically charging DSS 2205. The hydrogen charging reduces the stress relaxation, reducing the ductility and suppressing the hydrogen-induced austenitic to martensitic transformation. In addition, it also reduces the strain hardening (dislocation multiplication) in austenite. The strain hardening seems to have a higher influence than martensitic transformation on fracture process, even in absence of hydrogen.

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Quantitative Analysis of Hydrogen‐Assisted Microcracking in Duplex Stainless Steel through X‐Ray Refraction 3D Imaging

et al. 2022

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While the problem of the identification of mechanisms of hydrogen‐assisted damage has and is being thoroughly studied, the quantitative analysis of such damage still lacks suitable tools. In fact, while, for instance, electron microscopy yields excellent characterization, the quantitative analysis of damage requires at the same time large field‐of‐views and high spatial resolution. Synchrotron X‐ray refraction techniques do possess both features. Herein, it is shown how synchrotron X‐ray refraction computed tomography (SXRCT) can quantify damage induced by hydrogen embrittlement in a lean duplex steel, yielding results that overperform even those achievable by synchrotron X‐ray absorption computed tomography. As already reported in the literature, but this time using a nondestructive technique, it is shown that the hydrogen charge does not penetrate to the center of tensile specimens. By the comparison between virgin and hydrogen‐charged specimens, it is deduced that cracks in the specimen bulk are due to the rolling process rather than hydrogen‐assisted. It is shown that (micro)cracks propagate from the surface of tensile specimens to the interior with increasing applied strain, and it is deduced that a significant crack propagation can only be observed short before rupture.

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Hydrogen embrittlement of super duplex stainless steel in acid solution

Cited by 100 publications

References 17 publications

An Investigation on the Optimum Corrosion Protection Potential for Minimization of Cavitation Damage Using the Potentiostatic Method in Seawater

An Investigation on the Optimum Corrosion Protection Potential for Minimization of Cavitation Damage Using the Potentiostatic Method in Seawater

In Situ Synchrotron Radiation Measurements During Axial Strain In Hydrogen Cathodically Charged Duplex Stainless Steel SAF 2205

Quantitative Analysis of Hydrogen‐Assisted Microcracking in Duplex Stainless Steel through X‐Ray Refraction 3D Imaging

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