“…[10][11][12] Recently, most efforts have been devoted to the development of non-noble metal catalysts including metal carbides, 13 metal nitrides, 14,15 metal phosphides, [16][17][18][19][20] metal sulfides, 21,22 and metal selenides for boosting the HER or OER performance. 23 In particular, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) such as MoP, [24][25][26][27] Ni 2 P, 28,29 CoP, 30,31 and FeP, [31][32][33] have been considered as promising alternative catalysts for water electrolysis due to their low fabrication cost, superior electronic conductivity and outstanding stability in both acid and alkaline electrolytes. Among them, transition metal element (Fe and Ni)-based phosphides show excellent activity and stability in different solutions.…”