Hydrogen from photo-catalytic water splitting process: A review

Ahmad, Hasan; Kamarudin, Siti Kartom; Minggu, Lorna Effery; Kassim, Mohammad B.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.101

Cited by 780 publications

(386 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Photocatalytic hydrogen production through water splitting or reforming of organics may be substantially affected by the following operating variables: particle size, shape, morphology, structure and crystallinity; band gap energy; co-catalyst nature and preparation method; type and concentration of sacrificial agent; pH of the solution; presence of oxygen; operating temperature [13,17,132].…”

Section: Operating Conditions Affecting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Genermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, high temperatures promote charge carrier mobility, thus reducing the occurrence of photogenerated electron/hole recombination [13]. …”

Section: Operating Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, thermochemical [6], photoelectrochemical [7][8][9][10] and photochemical processes [11,12] can be employed for solar hydrogen generation. Photocatalytic hydrogen generation can be achieved through water photosplitting [13] or photoreforming of organic species [14]. Solar photocatalytic processes for H 2 production need catalysts able to absorb radiation in the visible range and efficiently use it to promote electrons to the energy level required for hydrogen formation [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Generation through Solar Photocatalytic Processes: A Review of the Configuration and the Properties of Effective Metal-Based Semiconductor Nanomaterials

et al. 2017

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Photocatalytic water splitting and organic reforming based on nano-sized composites are gaining increasing interest due to the possibility of generating hydrogen by employing solar energy with low environmental impact. Although great efforts in developing materials ensuring high specific photoactivity have been recently recorded in the literature survey, the solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiencies are currently still far from meeting the minimum requirements for real solar applications. This review aims at reporting the most significant results recently collected in the field of hydrogen generation through photocatalytic water splitting and organic reforming, with specific focus on metal-based semiconductor nanomaterials (e.g., metal oxides, metal (oxy)nitrides and metal (oxy)sulfides) used as photocatalysts under UVA or visible light irradiation. Recent developments for improving the photoefficiency for hydrogen generation of most used metal-based composites are pointed out. The main synthesis and operating variables affecting photocatalytic water splitting and organic reforming over metal-based nanocomposites are critically evaluated.

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Section: Operating Conditions Affecting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Genermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, high temperatures promote charge carrier mobility, thus reducing the occurrence of photogenerated electron/hole recombination [13]. …”

Section: Operating Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Generation through Solar Photocatalytic Processes: A Review of the Configuration and the Properties of Effective Metal-Based Semiconductor Nanomaterials

et al. 2017

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“…[2b, 3, 11] The emphasis of solar-powered water splitting as a cleanenergy-generation technology, and the recent emergence of simulation and prototype design as well as material integration in this field, makes a review of these topics timely. Although there has been a recent spate of reviews on the topic of solar fuels, [12] the focus of this one is unique in terms of examining the underlying multiphysics phenomena and design principles, including their implementation, from an integrated device point of view. This holistic perspective is necessary to move the field and technology closer towards commercialization; throughout, comments from this viewpoint will be made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling, Simulation, and Implementation of Solar‐Driven Water‐Splitting Devices

et al. 2016

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An integrated cell for the solar‐driven splitting of water consists of multiple functional components and couples various photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes at different length and time scales. The overall solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of such a system depends on the performance and materials properties of the individual components as well as on the component integration, overall device architecture, and system operating conditions. This Review focuses on the modeling‐ and simulation‐guided development and implementation of solar‐driven water‐splitting prototypes from a holistic viewpoint that explores the various interplays between the components. The underlying physics and interactions at the cell level is are reviewed and discussed, followed by an overview of the use of the cell model to provide target properties of materials and guide the design of a range of traditional and unique device architectures.

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“…However a breakthrough in photocatalyst efficiency is needed for industrial up-scaling. Many versatile approaches have been investigated and have been the subject of recent extensive reviews: [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] metallic and non-metallic (co-)doping, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] solidsolutions, [21,22] and the inclusion of surface plasmon resonance of precious metals, [23][24][25][26][27] dye-sensitizing with organic complexes, [28,29] Z-schemes, [30][31][32][33][34] metallic/semi-conductors (SC) or SC/SC heterojunctions (with or without an Ohmic layer), [35,36] UV-blue up-conversion sensitization [37] have all been considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-Phasic photocatalytic particles prepared by sequential layer depositions for water cleaning and purification

Gómez¹,

Rome²,

Barron³

et al. 2016

nes

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Bi-phasic photocatalyic particles have been prepared in the form of Janus-like structures (bi-phasic materials with two distinct properties on opposing sides of the particle) using a new synthetic procedure consisting of the sequential layer depositions of semiconductor oxide materials onto soluble substrates. A number of different systems have to date been investigated with an aim of photocatalytic applications. A general synthetic regime consists of utilising simple sol-gel chemistry to deposit sequential layers of photocatalytic material on top of a soluble substrate. The substrate can subsequently be removed yielding extremely fragile disks that fracture into bi-phasic powders of Janus like particles. These particles have two unique sets of properties contained in different faces of the same particle, aimed at the simultaneous reduction and oxidation of toxic species in water. This new synthetic technique is investigated for photocatalyic applications with an eye to efficient water purification, utilising the synergistic effect of the two materials to create highly effective photocatalysts. The photocatalytic activity of anatase/rutile (TiO 2 ) bi-phasic nanoparticle composites enhanced with platinum and deposited on the surface of polycarbonate filters has been successfully demonstrated. Deposition of the photocatalyst on filters overcomes expensive and time consuming recycling processes, adds porosity to the set up and reduces the scattering of nanoparticle dispersions.

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Hydrogen from photo-catalytic water splitting process: A review

Cited by 780 publications

References 88 publications

Hydrogen Generation through Solar Photocatalytic Processes: A Review of the Configuration and the Properties of Effective Metal-Based Semiconductor Nanomaterials

Hydrogen Generation through Solar Photocatalytic Processes: A Review of the Configuration and the Properties of Effective Metal-Based Semiconductor Nanomaterials

Modeling, Simulation, and Implementation of Solar‐Driven Water‐Splitting Devices

Bi-Phasic photocatalytic particles prepared by sequential layer depositions for water cleaning and purification

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