Hydrogen Generation by Laser Irradiation of Carbon Powder in Water

Akimoto, Ikuko; Maeda, K; Ozaki, Nobuhiko

doi:10.1021/jp4012558

Cited by 24 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Some follow-up studies of this process have been reported by Dubey et al [13] using a carbon nanotube anode and by Giddy et al [14] using a solid-state electrolytic cell. A different variation of this process involving hydrogen generation by laser irradiation of a carbon powder suspension in water has been reported by Akimoto et al [15]. Results of the hydrogen evolution rate R H using a variety of carbons show some proportionality to the surface area of a carbon which in turn is related to the pore structure of the carbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Mesoporous Carbons for Energy-Efficient Water Splitting to Produce Pure Hydrogen at Room Temperature

Seehra¹,

Narang²

2016

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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Theoretical and experimental aspects of the use of mesoporous carbons in carbonassisted water electrolysis (CAWE) to produce pure hydrogen at room temperature are presented. It is shown that the electrical energy requirements for CAWE can be as low as 20% of the energy needed for conventional water electrolysis, the extra energy coming from the electrochemical oxidation of carbon occurring at room temperature. Although CO 2 is produced at the anode in this process, it is well separated from pure H 2 produced at the cathode. Experimental results are reviewed for a variety of carbons with the major focus on the results obtained with carbon BP2000, which has both mesopores and micropores and a nanocarbon produced by the hydrothermal treatment of microcrystalline cellulose.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Mesoporous Carbons for Energy-Efficient Water Splitting to Produce Pure Hydrogen at Room Temperature

Seehra¹,

Narang²

2016

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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“…Hydrogen is provided by the laser dissociation of water molecules coming both from dehydration of the gypsum surface and from the water sprayed by the operator before the laser cleaning. Indeed, in presence of nanoparticles, water radiolysis and breakdown are caused by the secondary electrons flux generated by the visible/IR laser irradiations [32,33]. Water dissociation also provides O and OH radicals allowing for oxidation and hydroxylation of the carbon precursors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellowing of laser-cleaned artworks: Formation of residual hydrocarbon compounds after Nd:YAG laser cleaning of gypsum plates covered by lamp black

Berthonneau

Parent

Grauby

et al. 2019

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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The removal of black crusts decaying the surface of artworks is an important concern for the conservation of cultural heritage. Nd:YAG laser cleaning of encrusted stones and plasters at 1064 nm is widely recognized as an effective restoration technique, but induces a noticeable yellowing of the surface. Several researches carried out on the effects of laser cleaning have been focused on the induced yellowing and how to visually mitigate this phenomenon. To this end, UV-B radiations were successfully used to lessen the laser-induced yellowing due to the removal of lamp black particles on gypsum. The mechanism at play for both the formation of the compounds yellowing the surface and their disappearance upon UV-B exposure remains, however, poorly understood. Within the frame of this research, we apply surface-sensitive characterization techniques to analyze the yellowed surface produced after Nd:YAG Q-Switched laser cleaning of lamp black deposit on a gypsum plate, and the same surface after UV-B exposure. A combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fouriertransformed infrared spectroscopy has been used to identify the residual carbon compounds responsible for the yellow coloration of the substrate. A nanoscale structural description of the ejected particles collected during the laser cleaning was finally performed with transmission electron microscopy. We found that the yellowing is due to partially oxidized hydrocarbons compounds deposited at the surface of the gypsum substrate. We propose that they form by reactions between carbon species emitted by the vaporization of the carbon particles, with hydrogen and oxygen produced by the dissociation of water molecules coming together from dehydration of the gypsum surface and from the water sprayed by the operator during cleaning.

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“…Preliminary tests on the ablation of a steel target in water confirm this hypothesis. In this point of view the results of previous work on hydrogen emission under laser exposure of carbon particles in water [5] could be re-considered. Indeed, the laser fluence used in this work was of order of 100 mJ/cm 2 is not sufficient for water breakdown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen emission under laser exposure of colloidal solutions of nanoparticles

Бармина

Simakin

Шафеев

2016

Chemical Physics Letters

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We report the generation of molecular hydrogen from water by laser irradiation, without any electrodes and photocatalysts. A near infrared pulsed nanosecond laser is used for exposure of colloidal solution of Au nanoparticles suspended in water. Laser exposure of the colloidal solution results in formation of plasma of laser breakdown of liquid and emission of H 2 . The rate of H 2 emission depends critically on the energy of laser pulses. There is a certain threshold in laser fluence in liquid (around 50 J/cm 2 ) below which plasma disappears and H 2 emission stops.H 2 emission from colloidal solution of Au nanoparticles in ethanol is higher than that from similar water colloid. It is found that formation of plasma and emission of H 2 or D 2 can be induced by laser exposure of pure liquids, either H 2 O or D 2 O, respectively. The results are interpreted as water molecules splitting by direct electron impact from breakdown plasma.

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Hydrogen Generation by Laser Irradiation of Carbon Powder in Water

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Mesoporous Carbons for Energy-Efficient Water Splitting to Produce Pure Hydrogen at Room Temperature

Mesoporous Carbons for Energy-Efficient Water Splitting to Produce Pure Hydrogen at Room Temperature

Yellowing of laser-cleaned artworks: Formation of residual hydrocarbon compounds after Nd:YAG laser cleaning of gypsum plates covered by lamp black

Hydrogen emission under laser exposure of colloidal solutions of nanoparticles

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