Hydrogen Generation from a Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Electrolyzer System: Numerical Model and Experimental Verification

Gül, Metin; Akyüz, Ersin

doi:10.3390/en13112997

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Having the same consuming characteristics (1 kW power constant consumption), the power plant in Russia would require 35 solar modules against 23 in Australia and a three times bigger hydrogen tank. In India, almost the same number of solar modules (32) as in Russia (35) which makes it possible to reduce the hydrogen tank twofold. However, in terms of hydrogen equipment capacity, there is small difference between India and Australia, but there is large difference in terms of solar modules-32 against 23.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers try to improve the efficiency of the hydrogen loop cycle and achieved some significant results. M Gül et al studied hydrogen generation from a small-scale solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) electrolyzer system [35], which has application in fields like air PV/T and modules [36][37][38]. T.Yi et al carried out an analysis on factors affecting PV power generation in China [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Comparison of Solar-Powered Hydrogen Closed-Cycle System Capacities for Selected Locations

et al. 2021

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The exhaustion of fossil fuels causes decarbonized industries to be powered by renewable energy sources and, owing to their intermittent nature, it is important to devise an efficient energy storage method. To make them more sustainable, a storage system is required. Modern electricity storage systems are based on different types of chemical batteries, electromechanical devices, and hydrogen power plants. However, the parameters of power plant components vary from one geographical location to another. The idea of the present research is to compare the composition of a solar-powered hydrogen processing closed-cycle power plant among the selected geographical locations (Russia, India, and Australia), assuming the same power consumption conditions, but different insolation conditions, and thus the hydrogen equipment capacity accordingly. The number of solar modules in an array is different, thus the required hydrogen tank capacity is also different. The comparison of equipment requires building an uninterrupted power supply for the selected geographical locations, which shows that the capacity of the equipment components would be significantly different. These numbers may serve as the base for further economic calculations of energy cost.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of Solar-Powered Hydrogen Closed-Cycle System Capacities for Selected Locations

et al. 2021

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“…The heat transfer was improved by circulating the electrolyte through a heat exchange chamber inserted between the PV module and the EC, before feeding the EC. This prototype has a simpler balance of plant than others [9,10] because it eliminates both the need for a separate fluid circulation circuit for heat transfer and power conditioning electronics. Unlike the previous prototype for which the EC could not be separately tested, the output of the prototype could be tested with and without thermal integration.…”

Section: Silicon-based Heterojunction Pv Module Coupled With Alkaline...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the PV modules can be cooled by a heat transfer fluid that heats the EC, leading to enhanced StH efficiency. [9,10] In another case, the excess heat generated by the PV modules, exposed to concentrated sunlight, is transferred to the EC by direct thermal contact, leading to extremely high StH efficiencies >15-20% but at the cost of more complex engineering and the need for high-temperature-resistant materials. [11][12][13][14] To prevent long start-up times in the morning while the EC is still heating up, or reduced output during low-solar irradiance intervals, such systems would need a heat reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Various Photovoltaic‐Driven Water Electrolysis Technologies for Green Solar Hydrogen Generation

et al. 2021

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Direct solar hydrogen generation via a combination of photovoltaics (PV) and water electrolysis can potentially ensure a sustainable energy supply while minimizing greenhouse emissions. The PECSYS project aims at demonstrating a solar‐driven electrochemical hydrogen generation system with an area >10 m2 with high efficiency and at reasonable cost. Thermally integrated PV electrolyzers (ECs) using thin‐film silicon, undoped, and silver‐doped Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and silicon heterojunction PV combined with alkaline electrolysis to form one unit are developed on a prototype level with solar collection areas in the range from 64 to 2600 cm2 with the solar‐to‐hydrogen (StH) efficiency ranging from ≈4 to 13%. Electrical direct coupling of PV modules to a proton exchange membrane EC to test the effects of bifaciality (730 cm2 solar collection area) and to study the long‐term operation under outdoor conditions (10 m2 collection area) is also investigated. In both cases, StH efficiencies exceeding 10% can be maintained over the test periods used. All the StH efficiencies reported are based on measured gas outflow using mass flow meters.

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“…Input, forget, and output are the three gates of each cell. Equation (39) shows the input, hidden, and output layers of the LSTM [35]. )…”

Section: Lstm Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Techno-Economic Planning of a Smart Parking Lot—Combined Heat, Hydrogen, and Power (SPL-CHHP)-Based Microgrid in the Active Distribution Network

2021

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By installing distributed generation (DG) sources in a distribution system, there is a change from the inactive state, accompanied by one-way power flow, to the active state, with the possibility of bilateral power flow. Authorities involved in the electricity industry manage the consumption side by bringing in particular programs called demand response programs. To implement these programs, it is crucial to create infrastructure, including the installation of smart measuring units in the consumption sector. In this paper, we investigate the optimal design of smart meters and combined hydrogen, heat, and power in the active distribution system to provide two functions aimed at reducing voltage drop and minimizing the total planning costs by taking different scenarios into account. In the combined hydrogen, heat, and power (CHHP)-based DGs, due to the low efficiency of the electrolyzer, its power is supplied by a smart parking lot (including wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, and batteries). To model the unit’s uncertainties, a long short-time memory (LSTM) model is employed. Utilizing the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), a state that enhances both functions is acquired from different scenarios. All of the simulations are carried out in two 33-bus systems.

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Hydrogen Generation from a Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Electrolyzer System: Numerical Model and Experimental Verification

Cited by 32 publications

References 53 publications

The Comparison of Solar-Powered Hydrogen Closed-Cycle System Capacities for Selected Locations

The Comparison of Solar-Powered Hydrogen Closed-Cycle System Capacities for Selected Locations

Development of Various Photovoltaic‐Driven Water Electrolysis Technologies for Green Solar Hydrogen Generation

Optimal Techno-Economic Planning of a Smart Parking Lot—Combined Heat, Hydrogen, and Power (SPL-CHHP)-Based Microgrid in the Active Distribution Network

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