Hydrogen in the gas plume of an open-vent volcano, Mount Etna, Italy

Aiuppa, Alessandro; Shinohara, Hiroshi; Tamburello, Giancarlo; Giudice, Gaetano; Liuzzo, Marco; Moretti, Roberto

doi:10.1029/2011jb008461

Cited by 71 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Aiuppa et al 2011, 2015, Moussallam et al 2012. All sensors were calibrated in the laboratory at INGV Palermo (October 2015), with target gases of known concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magmatic gas percolation through the old lava dome of El Misti volcano

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The proximity of the major city of Arequipa to El Misti has focused attention on the hazards posed by the active volcano. Since its last major eruption in the fifteenth century, El Misti has experienced a series of modest phreatic eruptions and fluctuating fumarolic activity. Here, we present the first measurements of the compositions of gas emitted from the lava dome in the summit crater. The gas composition is found to be fairly dry with a H 2 O/SO 2 molar ratio of 32 ± 3, a CO 2 / SO 2 molar ratio of 2.7 ± 0.2, a H 2 S/SO 2 molar ratio of 0.23 ± 0.02 and a H 2 /SO 2 molar ratio of 0.012 ± 0.002. This magmatic gas signature with minimal evidence of hydrothermal or wall rock interaction points to a shallow magma source that is efficiently outgassing through a permeable conduit and lava dome. Field and satellite observations show no evolution of the lava dome over the last decade, indicating sustained outgassing through an established fracture network. This stability could be disrupted if dome permeability were to be reduced by annealing or occlusion of outgassing pathways. Continued monitoring of gas composition and flux at El Misti will be essential to determine the evolution of hazard potential at this dangerous volcano.

show abstract

“…Aiuppa et al 2011, 2015, Moussallam et al 2012. All sensors were calibrated in the laboratory at INGV Palermo (October 2015), with target gases of known concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magmatic gas percolation through the old lava dome of El Misti volcano

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Major volcanogenic species (H 2 O, CO 2 and SO 2 ) in volcanic plumes and fumaroles in tandem with Hg quantities have been measured at some locations (where logistics and weather conditions allowed) by using the MultiGAS analyser, a portable instrument previously described in Aiuppa et al (2010Aiuppa et al ( , 2011. The plume gases are actively pumped into the sampler (using an air pump) at 1.2 L min 21 through a 1 mm Teflon membrane particle filter and pumped through a CO 2 gas detector (Licor LI-840 NDIR closed-path spectrometer; measurement range 0-3000 ppm; accuracy +1.5%) (see Shinohara et al 2008 for details) and a suite of electrochemical sensors for SO 2 (model 3ST/F City Tech.…”

Section: Major Species In the Plumementioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury fluxes from volcanic and geothermal sources: an update

Bagnato

Tamburello

Avard

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We review the state of knowledge on global volcanogenic Hg emissions to the atmosphere and present new data from seven active volcanoes (Poás, Rincón de la Vieja, Turrialba, Aso, Mutnovsky, Gorely and Etna) and two geothermal fields (Las Pailas and Las Hornillas). The variability of Hg contents (c. 4–125 ng m−3) measured in gaseous emissions reflects the dynamic nature of volcanic plumes, where the abundances of volatiles are determined by the physical nature of degassing and variable air dilution. Based on our dataset and previous work, we propose that an average Hg/SO2 plume mass ratio of c. 7.8×10−6 (±1.5×10−6; 1 SE, n=13) is best representative of open-conduit quiescent degassing. Taking into account the uncertainty in global SO2 emissions, we infer a global volcanic Hg flux from persistent degassing of c. 76±30 t a−1. Our data are derived from active volcanoes during non-eruptive periods and we do not have any direct constraint on the Hg flux during periods of elevated SO2 flux associated with large-scale effusive or explosive eruptions. This suggests that the time-averaged Hg flux from these volcanoes is even larger if the eruptive contribution is considered. Conversely, closed-conduit degassing and geothermal emissions contribute modest amounts of Hg

show abstract

“…The concentrations of major volcanogenic constituents in the fumarolic plumes of Nea Kameni were monitored by using the custom INGV-type Multi-component Gas Analyzer System (MultiGAS) previously described in Aiuppa et al (2010Aiuppa et al ( , 2011. Gas was drawn into the sampler (using an air pump) at 1.2 lpm through a 1 µm Teflon membrane particle filter, and pumped through a CO 2 /H 2 O gas detector (Licor LI-840 NDIR closed-path spectrometer) and a series of electrochemical sensors for SO 2 (0-200 ppm; 3ST/F electrochemical sensor by City Technology Ltd.), H 2 S (0-50 ppm; EZ3H electrochemical sensor by City Technology Ltd.) and H 2 (0-200 ppm; EZT3HYT electrochemical sensor "Easy Cal" City Technology Ltd.) detection.…”

Section: Multi-gas Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temporal and spatial variations of GEM/H 2 molar ratios in volcanic emissions may represent potentially excellent tracers of processes which operate in deep magmatic systems, due to low solubility in groundwaters and hydrothermal fluids of both species (Giggenbach, 1987;Aiuppa et al, 2011). GEM and H 2 also have relatively inert atmospheric behavior over typical timescales of volcanic gas release and atmospheric transport.…”

Section: Active Sampling Of Gem In Nea Kameni's Fumarolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Santorini is heavily populated (14,000 inhabitants on about 90 km 2 , Vougioukalakis, 2002), imposing an accurate evaluation of volcanic hazard and risk, both in term of potential eruptions and possible environmental impact ("pollution") of gas discharges. We used a portable mercury analyzer (Lumex-RA915+) in parallel with a Multicomponent Gas Analyzer (MultiGAS; Aiuppa et al, 2005Aiuppa et al, , 2011Shinohara and Witter, 2005;Shinohara, 2008) to obtain real-time measurements of mercury and major volatiles in the fumes of Nea Kameni. These measurements, the first carried out at such location, extend previous combined MultiGAS-Lumex surveys reported elsewhere Witt et al, 2008a, b;Mather et al, 2012), and aim at improving our understanding of the magmatic systems and its degassing budget.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mercury emissions from soils and fumaroles of Nea Kameni volcanic centre, Santorini (Greece)

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There have been limited studies to date targeting mercury emissions from volcanic fumarolic systems, and no mercury flux data exist for soil or fumarolic emissions at Santorini volcanic complex, Greece. We present results from the first geochemical survey of Hg and major volatile (CO 2 , H 2 S, H 2 O and H 2 ) concentrations and fluxes in the fumarolic gases released by the volcanic/hydrothermal system of Nea Kameni islet; the active volcanic center of Santorini. These data were obtained using a portable mercury spectrometer (Lumex 915+) for gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) determination, and a Multi-component Gas Analyzer System (Multi-GAS) for major volatiles. Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM) concentrations in the fumarole atmospheric plumes were systematically above background levels (~4 ng GEM m -3 ), ranging from ~4.5 to 121 ng GEM m -3 . Variability in the measured mercury concentrations may result from changes in atmospheric conditions and/or unsteady gas release from the fumaroles. We estimate an average GEM/CO 2 mass ratio in the fumarolic gases of Nea Kameni of approximately 10 -9 , which falls in the range of values obtained at other low-T (100°C) volcanic/hydrothermal systems (~10 -8 ); our measured GEM/H 2 S mass ratio (10 -5 ) also lies within the accepted representative range (10 -4 to 10 -6 ) of non-explosive volcanic degassing. Our estimated mercury flux from Nea Kameni's fumarolic field (2.56 × 10 -7 t yr -1 ), while making up a marginal contribution to the global volcanic non-eruptive GEM emissions from closed-conduit degassing volcanoes, represents the first available assessment of mercury emissions at Santorini volcano, and will contribute to the evaluation of future episodes of unrest at this renowned volcanic complex.

show abstract

Hydrogen in the gas plume of an open-vent volcano, Mount Etna, Italy

Cited by 71 publications

References 35 publications

Magmatic gas percolation through the old lava dome of El Misti volcano

Magmatic gas percolation through the old lava dome of El Misti volcano

Mercury fluxes from volcanic and geothermal sources: an update

Mercury emissions from soils and fumaroles of Nea Kameni volcanic centre, Santorini (Greece)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About