Hydrogen-induced cracking and corrosion behavior of friction stir welded plates of API 5L X70 pipeline steel

Giarola, J. M.; Calderón-Hernández, José Wilmar; Quispe-Avilés, Janeth Marlene; Ávila, Julián A.; Filho, Waldek Wladimir Bose

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.06.084

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Cracks are observed on the surface of the specimen tested during in situ charging, shown in Figure 6D. These cracks could be prone to initiate around the inclusions 77 due to the inclusions serving as hydrogen‐trapping sites 7,10,81–83 . Also, cracks can originate at the interface between the ferrite grain and the cementite lamellas in pearlite grains or the boundaries of ferrite grains 78,84 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cracks could be prone to initiate around the inclusions 77 due to the inclusions serving as hydrogentrapping sites. 7,10,[81][82][83] Also, cracks can originate at the interface between the ferrite grain and the cementite lamellas in pearlite grains or the boundaries of ferrite grains. 78,84 Another phenomenon observed in Figure 6E is that some small embrittled region was surrounded by a ductile zone (dimple feature), and the fracture mode was transgranular (Figure 6F).…”

Section: Fractographic Analysis Of Slow Strain Rate Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of friction‐stir welded API 5L X70 pipeline steels

Giarola

Ávila

Cintho

et al. 2022

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) leads to severe steel degradation of mechanical properties. The hydrogen atoms diffuse into the steel and get positioned into reversible and irreversible trap sites. The pipe to transport oil and gas needs to be welded to construct long‐distance pipeline projects; thus, friction‐stir welding (FSW) has proven an excellent alternative to joining these pipelines. Therefore, this work assessed and analyzed the influence of hydrogen on the microstructure and fracture toughness of API 5L X70 steel welded by friction‐stir welding. The in‐service conditions were simulated by charging the specimen electrolytically in a 3.5% NaCl water solution with an intensity current of 2 mA·cm−2. According to fracture toughness tests, the base metal (BM) was more affected by hydrogen embrittlement than the friction‐stir zone (SZ), with a fracture toughness reduction of 20% after hydrogen charging. The SZ fracture toughness did not statistically show changes in hydrogen charging by the used times; however, the fracture mechanism changed from ductile to brittle‐like after 4 days of charging. The SZ depicted a better fracture toughness than BM due to the bainitic microstructure, a significant amount of irreversible hydrogen trapping.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fractographic Analysis Of Slow Strain Rate Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of friction‐stir welded API 5L X70 pipeline steels

Giarola

Ávila

Cintho

et al. 2022

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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“…In addition, the surface characteristics of the corrosion products affect hydrogen‐induced cracking. [ 40–42 ] It is therefore necessary to study the corrosion behavior caused by H 2 S in low‐alloy steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Characteristics and Corrosion Behavior of Low‐Alloy High‐Strength Steel used for Armor Layer under Exposure to H₂S‐Saturated Solution

Liu

Zhou

Pan

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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The corrosion behavior of low‐alloy steel exposed to saturated H2S solution is systematically studied using electron backscattered diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. The experimental results suggest that the corrosion rate decreases with prolonged immersion time because more corrosion products are formed on the steel surface. The corrosion products consist of mackinawite, greigite, and molybdenite regardless of the corrosion time. The structure of the corrosion products transforms from a single layer into two layers with increasing corrosion time. The Cr content in the corrosion products is similar to that in the steel substrate. The corrosion products are rich in molybdenum owing to the formation of molybdenite.

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“…The corrosion rates of weld metal (weld metal) and heat affected zone in dissimilar welded pipeline steel are both higher than that of base metal (base metal) under simulated coating disbandment, which can be attributed to the formation of acicular ferrite and secondary phase in the weld metal and heat affected zone samples [32]. Hydrogen induced cracking resistance of weld metal in X70 pipeline steel welded joint is worse than that of base metal under saturated hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) solution due to the effects of inclusions and microstructure in the former [33]. Thus, the welded joint is more prone to corrosion failure during pipeline transportation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanic corrosion of X80 pipeline steel double‐sided submerged arc welded joints in simulated near‐neutral soil solution

Wang

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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The corrosion behaviors of double‐sided submerged arc welded joints in X80 pipeline steel with or without coupling were studied in simulated near‐neutral soil solution. The galvanic effect in the welded joint was evaluated by corrosion morphology, corrosion depth, and electrochemical measurements. When the weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal (BM) samples were immersed in the solution isolated, pitting holes occurred around the martensite/austenite constituents in the weld metal and base metal samples, which was mainly due to the preferential corrosion of ferrite. However, no pitting holes occurred in the heat affected zone due to small specific surface area induced by the coarse martensite/austenite constituents. Polarization curves results showed that the corrosion current density of coupled base metal was 5 times larger than that of isolated base metal and the corrosion current density of isolated heat affected zone was three times larger than that of coupled heat affected zone after 48 h immersion. The corrosion current density of coupled heat affected zone was one order of magnitude lower than that of coupled weld metal and base metal. When the welded joint was exposed to an aggressive environment, the base metal samples were determined to be the most anodic zone while the heat affected zone was the most cathodic zone. The weld metal underwent little galvanic interaction, as its corrosion potential was close to the coupled potential. In addition, the galvanic effect among the welded joints decreased with the prolong of immersion time.

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Hydrogen-induced cracking and corrosion behavior of friction stir welded plates of API 5L X70 pipeline steel

Cited by 22 publications

References 81 publications

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of friction‐stir welded API 5L X70 pipeline steels

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of friction‐stir welded API 5L X70 pipeline steels

Microstructure Characteristics and Corrosion Behavior of Low‐Alloy High‐Strength Steel used for Armor Layer under Exposure to H₂S‐Saturated Solution

Galvanic corrosion of X80 pipeline steel double‐sided submerged arc welded joints in simulated near‐neutral soil solution

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Hydrogen-induced cracking and corrosion behavior of friction stir welded plates of API 5L X70 pipeline steel

Cited by 22 publications

References 81 publications

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of friction‐stir welded API 5L X70 pipeline steels

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of friction‐stir welded API 5L X70 pipeline steels

Microstructure Characteristics and Corrosion Behavior of Low‐Alloy High‐Strength Steel used for Armor Layer under Exposure to H2S‐Saturated Solution

Galvanic corrosion of X80 pipeline steel double‐sided submerged arc welded joints in simulated near‐neutral soil solution

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Microstructure Characteristics and Corrosion Behavior of Low‐Alloy High‐Strength Steel used for Armor Layer under Exposure to H₂S‐Saturated Solution